Joint enterprise (JE) is an extraordinary legal device deployed to punish and (re)produce those who are frequently presented as threatening the normative boundaries of the British state. In acknowledging the global relevance of over-representation and the use of collective punishment, this paper presents the accounts of prisoners who have been convicted under JE laws across England and Wales. Analysis reveals a particular process of criminalisation through police and crown prosecution teams’ construction of the ‘gang’ narrative in courtrooms to drive the disproportionate punishment of members of negatively racialised communities. Of concern, the findings reveal that young Black men in particular are at risk of being convicted and punished for offences they did not commit. This paper empirically demonstrates how such racial injustice originates from a series of targeted and criminalising policies and practices.

This paper discusses the opportunity that has arisen from the injection of £40 million for the National Probation Service.

Drawing upon the implementation of the Intensive Alternative to Custody in Greater Manchester, this article explores the key concerns voiced by sentencers when presented with a Pre-Sentence Report (PSR) proposing an ‘alternative to custody’. It is argued that the crucial element for effective implementation lies in the gatekeeping provided by PSR authors (probation staff), the dissemination of timely and relevant information to sentencers, and the reassurance that the order fulfils the requisite ‘penal punch’ to avoid accusations of ‘soft options’.

No abstract