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Primary agricultural markets are often characterized by oligopsony. This paper investigates the effect of an agricultural product supply shift on the equilibrium prices and quantities of farm products purchased by food processors. and on profits of food processors. The principal comparative static result indicates that, under oligopsony, qualitative implications of a disturbance in the supply of raw input differ from that under perfect competition and monopsony. Effects of other disturbances are identical in sign to the perfectly competitive case, although magnitudes may differ. Implications for supply estimation and agricultural policy analysis are briefly discussed.

Fisheries bycatch conservation and management can be analyzed and implemented through the biodiversity mitigation hierarchy using one of four basic approaches: (1) private solutions, including voluntary, moral suasion, and intrinsic motivation; (2) direct or “command-and-control” regulation starting from the fishery management authority down to the vessel; (3) incentive- or market-based to alter producer and consumer behavior and decision-making; and (4) hybrid of direct and incentive-based regulation through liability laws. Lessons can be learned from terrestrial and energy conservation, water management, forestry, and atmospheric pollution measures, such as the use of offsets, tradeable rights to externalities, and liability considerations. General bycatch conservation and management principles emerge based on a multidisciplinary approach and a wide array of private and public measures for incentivizing bycatch mitigation.

Protected resource economists can greatly enhance the science and conservation of marine mammals, however such contributions are often hampered by a lack of understanding of the role of natural resource economics on behalf of more traditional marine mammal scientists. The three major threats to marine mammals-fishery bycatch, increasing underwater sound, and climate change could be more effectively addressed with an interdisciplinary approach that includes the full valuation of costs and benefits to society. Better management of these threats can be beneficial to humans as well as marine mammals.