Scheme 3. Oxidation of HMF to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) a a Intermediates: 5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-carboxylic acid (HMFCA), 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), and 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic acid (FFCA).
Figure 4. Reactionkinetics of the amination of isomannide at 170 8Cand 10 bar hydrogen pressure obtained from single-batch experiments. The data point at t = 0hand the connecting linesare added for clarity.
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