Patient outcomes following brachytherapy were excellent with a high percentage of patients retaining mobility vision. Development of complications was related to the tumour location and dose to non-tumour structures.

Jones fractures are among the most common fractures of the foot, yet much remains unknown about their etiology. The purpose of this study was to further examine the risk factors of forefoot and hindfoot alignment on Jones fractures using an epidemiological study design. We used a retrospective, matched, case-control study design. Cases consisted of patients with acute, isolated Jones fractures confirmed on plain film radiographs that were seen at our institute from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2013. Patients presenting with pain unrelated to metatarsal fractures served as controls. Controls were matched to cases on age (+/− 2 yrs), gender, and year of presentation. Weight bearing foot x-rays were assessed for thirteen angular relationships by a single rater. Conditional multivariable logistic regression was used to identify important risk factors. Fifty patients with acute Jones fractures and 200 controls were included. The only significant variables in the final multivariable model were metatarsus adductus angle (odds ratio 1.16 [95% CI 1.08 to 1.25]) and 4th/5th intermetatarsal angle (odds ratio 0.69 [95% CI 0.57 to 0.83])—both measures of static forefoot adduction. The presence of metatarsus adductus (defined as >15°) on foot radiographs was associated with a 2.4 times greater risk of Jones fracture (adjusted odds ratio 2.4 [95% CI 1.2 to 4.8]). We conclude that risk of Jones fracture increases with an adducted forefoot posture. In our population which consisted primarily of patients presenting after a fall (10/50, 20%) or misstep/inversion injury (19/50, 38%), hindfoot alignment appeared to be a less important factor. Level of Clinical Evidence 3, Prognostic Study

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Black coloured bottle tips aid ocular therapy. They are easier to use, result in less contact with the eye on instillation and patients note a reduction in need for a second or additional drop. This is likely to improve compliance and reduce contamination. A change in manufacturing practise should be encouraged.

Penetrating keratoplasty cases have a higher rate of globe rupture than other ocular procedures. There are 5 important time periods of wound integrity after penetrating keratoplasty. The highest risk period is the month following surgery, when wound strength is derived almost entirely from sutures. The 18 months following surgery are moderately high risk. The month following removal of sutures is a second high-risk period. In the 6 months following this, the wound has a similar strength to the first postoperative year. Following penetrating keratoplasty the cornea never regains its preoperative strength and remains at risk for traumatic rupture for the remainder of the patient's life.