Background Community-acquired sepsis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, which starts within ≤72 h of hospital admittance in an infected patient without recent exposure to healthcare risks. Our aim was to evaluate the characteristics and the outcomes concerning community-acquired sepsis among patients admitted to a Hungarian high-influx national medical center. Methods A retrospective, observational cohort study of consecutive adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired sepsis during a 1-year period was executed. Clinical and microbiological data were collected, patients with pre-defined healthcare associations were excluded. Sepsis definitions and severity were given according to ACCP / SCCM criteria. The primary outcome was in-hospital all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admittance, length-of-stay (LOS), source control and bacteraemia rates. Statistical differences were explored with classical comparison tests, predictors of in-hospital all-cause mortality were modelled by multivariate logistic regression. Results 214 patients (median age 60.0 ± 33.1 years, 57% female, median Charlson score 4.0 ± 5.0) were included, 32.7% of them (70/214) had severe sepsis, and 28.5% (61/214) had septic shock. Prevalent sources of infections were genitourinary (53/214, 24.8%) and abdominal (52/214, 24.3%). The causative organisms were dominantly E. coli (60/214, 28.0%), S. pneumoniae (18/214, 8.4%) and S. aureus (14/214, 6.5%), and bacteraemia was documented in 50.9% of the cases (109/214). In-hospital mortality was high (30/214, 14.0%), and independently associated with shock, absence of fever, male gender and the need for ICU admittance, but source control and de-escalation of empirical antimicrobial therapy were protective. ICU admittance was 27.1% (58/214), source control was achieved in 18.2% (39/214). Median LOS was 10.0 ± 8.0, ICU LOS was 8.0 ± 10.8 days. Conclusions Community-acquired sepsis poses a significant burden of disease with characteristic causative agents and sources. Patients at a higher risk for poor outcomes might be identified earlier by the contributing factors shown above.

BackgroundCharacteristics of the blood microbiota among adult patients with community-acquired sepsis are poorly understood. Our aim was to analyze the composition of blood microbiota in adult patients with community-acquired sepsis, and correlate changes with non-septic control patients.MethodsA prospective observational study was carried out by including adult patients hospitalized for community-acquired sepsis at our center between January and November 2019, by random selection from a pool of eligible patients. Study inclusion was done on the day of sepsis diagnosis. Community acquisition was ascertained by a priori exclusion criteria; sepsis was defined according to the SEPSIS-3 definitions. Each included patient was matched with non-septic control patients by age and gender in a 1:1 fashion enrolled from the general population. Conventional culturing with BacT/ALERT system and 16S rRNA microbiota analysis were performed from blood samples taken in a same time from a patient. Abundance data was analyzed by the CosmosID HUB Microbiome software.ResultsAltogether, 13 hospitalized patients were included, 6/13 (46.2%) with sepsis and 7/13 (53.8%) with septic shock at diagnosis. The most prevalent etiopathogen isolated from blood cultures was Escherichia coli, patients mostly had intraabdominal septic source. At day 28, all-cause mortality was 15.4% (2/13). Compared to non-septic control patients, a relative scarcity of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Coprococcus and Roseburia genera, with an abundance of Enhydrobacter, Pseudomonas and Micrococcus genera was observed among septic patients. Relative differences between septic vs. non-septic patients were more obvious at the phylum level, mainly driven by Firmicutes (25.7% vs. 63.1%; p<0.01) and Proteobacteria (36.9% vs. 16.6%; p<0.01). The alpha diversity, quantified by the Chao1 index showed statistically significant difference between septic vs. non-septic patients (126 ± 51 vs. 66 ± 26; p<0.01). The Bray-Curtis beta diversity, reported by principal coordinate analysis of total hit frequencies, revealed 2 potentially separate clusters among septic vs. non-septic patients.ConclusionIn adult patients with community-acquired sepsis, specific changes in the composition and abundance of blood microbiota could be detected by 16S rRNA metagenome sequencing, compared to non-septic control patients. Traditional blood culture results only partially correlate with microbiota test results.

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We show that no orthogonal arrays OA(16λ, 11, 2, 4) exist with λ = 6 and λ = 7. This solves an open problem of the NSUCRYPTO Olympiad 2018. Our result allows us to determine the minimum weights of certain higher-order correlation-immune Boolean functions.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 05B15.

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A közösségben szerzett szepszis fertőzésre adott életveszélyes válaszreakció, mely a kórházi felvételt követő 72 órán belül kezdődik. Kutatásunk célja a C-reaktívprotein (CRP)- és prokalcitonin (PCT)-szintek kinetikájának vizsgálata volt ezen kóroki entitásban. Módszerek: A centrumunkban 2016-ban közösségben szerzett szepszis miatt hospitalizált felnőtt betegek adatainak elemzését végeztük el. A szepszis definiálására az ACCP/SCCM definícióit használtuk, a közösségi eredetet a priori exklúziós kritériumokkal biztosítottuk. Valamennyi betegnél követtük az 1–14. kórházi napokon elérhető CRP- és PCT-értékeket. Elsődleges kimenetelnek a kórházi összhalálozást, az intenzív terápiás osztályra való felvétel igényét, másodlagos kimenetelnek a szepszis gócának és kórokozójának azonosítottságát választottuk. A diagnózis időpontjában (CRP0, PCT0) és az empirikus antimikrobiális terápia megkezdését követő 24 órán belül mért CRP- és PCT-értékek segítségével abszolút (ΔabsCRP, ΔabsPCT) és relatív (Δ%CRP, Δ%PCT) változásokat számítottunk a változás irányának megtartásával. Eredmények: Összesen 193 beteget vontunk be, a kórházi összhalálozás 13,9%, az intenzív terápiás osztályra történő felvételi arány 25,9% volt. A kórházban elhunytak kisebb medián Δ%PCT-csökkenést mutattak a túléltekhez viszonyítva (–7,7 ± 127,9% vs. –45,7 ± 88,8%, p = 0,01). Az elhunytak napi abszolút PCT-értékei a 2–14. napokon, CRP-értékei az 5–14. napokon voltak statisztikailag szignifikánsan magasabbak. Az intenzív terápiás osztályra átvett betegek körében szintén szignifikánsan kisebb medián Δ%PCT-csökkenést rögzítettünk (–19,6 ± 72,5% vs. –49,8 ± 100,8%, p = 0,01). A számított paraméterek a szepszis azonosított fókuszával, illetve kórokozójával nem mutattak statisztikai összefüggést. Megbeszélés, következtetés: Vizsgálatunk alapján az elsődleges kimenetelekre megfigyelhető specifikus CRP- és PCT-kinetika, és különösképpen a Δ%PCT lehet hasznos paraméter a negatív kimenetelek előjelzésére felnőtt betegek közösségben szerzett szepszise esetén. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(43): 1713–1720.