The present study investigates major Turkish political party discourses about the Syrian refugees in Turkey based on parties' manifestoes and pamphlets. The refugee problem increased nationalist feelings in Turkey specifically when the president of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, explained that the Syrians could be naturalized. To analyse this situation, we draw on theories on securitization and xenophobia. Political party discourses were analysed by Nvivo 11 software program. The results suggest that while the Justice and Development Party (AKP) uses historical-cultural and Islamic discourses, the CHP has an economic discourse. The MHP, the Turkish nationalist party, and the HDP, the Kurdish nationalist party, both deploy nationalist discourses. Members of the CHP claim that the Syrians are the source of major crimes and unemployment. The AKP adopts an Ensar-Muhacir (guest-host) discourse because of its Islamic approach to the refugees. Political parties in Turkey securitize the Syrian refugee crisis through their political discourses, which result in the rise of xenophobia in Turkey. The study suggests that political parties lead to the rise in anti-refugee attitude.

Abstract-The aim of this study is to reveal how anxious Turkish learners of French as a third language become when they study French and the effect of anxiety on learning French. The study was conducted on 84 students (54 male and 30 female) that study in the department of French as a second language. There exist quite many studies on the anxiety especially when it comes to the effect of foreign language learning anxiety on the learners. These studies show that there is a huge amount of foreign language learning anxiety impact on the learners. The present study focuses on the influence of foreign language anxiety on the Turkish learners of French at Ataturk University in Erzurum, Turkey. The results show that the anxiety level is low and the level of achievement in French is quite high as the students already know a cognate language, English they have learned before learning French.

No abstract

As of 2010, there is an increasing authoritarian political structure in Hungary. Winning the elections, the Fidesz government led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán makes constitutional amendments in line with the party's purposes, guides the media outlets according to its interests, and silences the opponents. The West, which supports democracy even in other countries, has had to struggle with rising authoritarianism within itself. In this study, the rising authoritarianism in Europe and the position of the EU is examined. The study deals with the issue of authoritarianism in Hungary after evaluating the literature on authoritarianism. In the present study, which includes some comparisons with Turkey, a case study has been carried out. It has been conducted through document analysis method, taking into account the reports published by the Venice Commission and Council of Europe. As a result, it is emphasized how the EU remains weak in preventing authoritarianism and that authoritarianism can be not only in non-Western countries but also in the West.

Dil politikaları, küreselleşen bir dünyada kaçınılmaz bir şekilde bütün devletlerin takip ettiği ve uyguladığı bir alan haline gelmiştir. Dünyada dil politikalarını uluslararası hukuka uygun ve özgürlükçü bir perspektiften ele alan ülkeler olduğu gibi, güvenlikleştirme politikalarını takip ederek dili sorun odaklı olarak algılayan devletler de bulunmaktadır. Diğer yandan hak ve sorun kavramsallaştırması kaynak olarak dilin incelenmesine doğru bir eğilim göstermiştir. Küreselleşen bir dünyada, dil artık sorun odaklı olmaktan çıkıp hak odaklı bir olgu haline dönüşmüş durumdadır. 21. yüzyılda hak olarak dil kavramı kaynak odaklı dil kavramına evrilmiş durumdadır. Bu çalışmamızda dilin sorun, hak ve kaynak odaklı görülmesini analitik olarak tartışmakta ve dil politikalarına ilişkin önerilerimizi sunmaktayız. Dil politikalarını pozitif ve negatif hak açısından ele alan çalışmalardan farklı olarak, bu çalışmamız daha genel kategorileştirme ve metodolojik olarak daha farklı yaklaşımları önermekte, bu yaklaşımları eleştirel analiz yoluyla incelemektedir. Bu açıdan Türkiye'de dil politikaları alanında yapılan çalışmalardan farklılaşmakta olup, özgün bir çalışmadır.