Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To estimate thecytomorphological spectrum of thyroid lesions. (2) To categorize the thyroid lesions based on Bethesda system reporting. (3) To correlate the spectrum of thyroid lesions with demographic parameters. Methods: A retrospective record-based study was conducted at the Department of Pathology in Tertiary Care Institute, from January 2017 to January 2021. A total of 346 case files were retrieved consisting of all the patients having thyroid lesions who underwent the procedure of fine-needle aspiration cytology. Statistical analysis was done using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version. Continuous variables were presented by mean±SD and categorical variables by frequency or percentages. Results: Majority of the case are falling between the age group of 26–35 years, followed by 36–45 years of age. The majority of cases in the study population were presented with Bethesda Category II lesion (88.7%) which was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), the most common spectrum was seen, which was Colloid nodule in 40.46% of cases categorized to Bethesda Class II. This was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), followed by adenomatoid nodule in 30.92% of cases also Category II. Conclusion: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a cost effective procedure that provides specific diagnosis rapidly with minimum complications.

Background: Malaria remains the most important disease responsible for causing great suffering and loss of life in the world. The rationale behind the present study was to determine the proportion of Malaria and compare the record data. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Malaria and to compare the prevalence sex wise, age wise and to investigate which species is prevalent in Raigarh. Material & Methods: Retrospective record-based study was done were the data from January 2009 to December 2018 was gathered and analyzed. Prevalence was calculated and Epi-info (7.0) software was used. Results: 79218 blood smears prepared in 10 years in which 2911 smear were positive which indicates around 3.67% cases were positive. The Prevalence rate is falling with increasing years which indicates the importance of Malaria eradication programme. Positive cases were found to be highest under 10 years (46.58%). Male preponderance and Plasmodium falciparum is the most common species. Conclusion: Health education through IEC (Information, Education and Communication) activities and behavioural change communication (BCC) are very important intervention measures aimed at improvement of environmental sanitation and personal protection from mosquito bites for the elimination of malaria in the endemic areas as well as in the whole country. Keywords: Malaria, prevalence, plasmodium falciparum

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a central feature of leprosy. Intraneural inflammation caused by M. leprae is the morphological hallmark of this disease, FNAC of sensory cutaneous nerve has proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool. Methods:The data of patients with sensory cutaneous nerve involvement were retrieved from our record for the period from Nov 2014 to Sept 2015. The hematoxylin and eosin (H and E)-and May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) stained slides were screened for Schwann cells, granuloma, and necrosis. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained smears were searched for single lepra bacilli and globi.Results: Twenty-five sensory cutaneous nerves were aspirated. Out of which 19 yielded diagnostic aspirate. Five cytologic pictures were seen -epithelioid cell granulomas (6), epithelioid cell granulomas with necrosis (3);necrosis + lepra bacilli (4); only lepra bacilli (2); and lymphocyte & macrophage infiltrate (4).Following the Ridley-Jopling classification, in our study there were 9 cases of TT, 4 of BT-TT, 1 of BB, 2 of BL, and 3 of LL.Conclusion: FNAC of sensory cutaneous nerve is useful in diagnosis and classification of leprosy on the R-J scale.

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