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Background: There are several manual therapy techniques for limited and painful knee flexion, but there are very few evidence about the effectiveness of Mulligan's Mobilisation With Movement (MWM) in osteoarthritis of the knee. The objective of the study was to find the effect of MWM on pain and functional status in patients with osteoarthritis knee.Methods: 30 patients diagnosed with medial compartment tibiofemoral osteoarthritis of the knee were randomized into two groups ( experimental and control groups ) with 15 subjects in each group.The experimental group received medial glide MWM and medial rotation glide MWM in weight bearing and non-weight bearing positions after which the patients were asked to walk for a while. Conventional therapy in the form of shortwave diathermy (SWD), quadriceps strengthening and stretching of the calf and hamstrings was given to both the experimental and the control group. The intervention regimen lasted for seven days. Outcome measures were WOMAC score, VAS score and distance walked in 6-minute walk test. Result:The study showed significant improvement in VAS (p<0.05 in control group, p<0.001 in experimental group ), WOMAC scale(p<0.05 in control group, p<0.001 in experimental group) and distance walked in 6 minutes(p<0.05 in control group, p<0.001 in experimental group) in both the groups, but all these improvements were highly significant in experimental group ( p< 0.001 ) than those in the control group. Conclusion:Mulligan's MWM is significantly effective in relieving pain and improving functional status in osteoarthritis of the knee.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease prevalent in adults, is also prevalent amongst children, adolescents and young adults. On understanding the molecular basis of diabetes, a significant association is found between telomere length (TL) and type 2 DM.Aim: The aim of the study was to review the available evidence on effect of physical activity and yoga on DM including their effect on TL.Setting: The study was conducted in Bangalore.Method: A number of databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane Review were searched for relevant articles using keywords such as ’diabetes’, ‘type 2 DM’, ‘physical activity’, ‘yoga’, ‘TL’ and ‘telomerase activity’. All types of articles were included for the study, such as randomised controlled trial, systematic reviews, literature review and pilot study. Non-English articles were excluded from the study.Results: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of yoga and physical exercise in type 2 DM in various ways, such as reducing fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin; improving lipid profile, blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio; reducing inflammatory, oxidative and psychological stress markers; and improving the quality of life of patients. However, limited information is available on the effect of these interventions on TL in type 2 DM and mechanisms involved.Conclusion: Recent studies have shown positive effects of yoga and physical activity on TL. However, there is a dearth of good-quality studies evaluating the effects of yoga on TL in type 2 DM. Future studies need to be conducted with standard treatment protocols, long-term follow-up, appropriate control groups and large sample size.

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