The fraction material studied in Elementary School is closely related to the daily life of students. The problem that exists in learning fractions is that students still memorize concepts and it is still difficult to apply concepts to problems that students encounter in their daily environment. The aim of this study is to determine the practicality of teaching materials, namely student books using PAKEM-oriented Problem Based Learning. The type of research is Research and Development (R&D) using the Plomp model through 3 phases, namely the preliminary research, the development or prototyping phase, and the assessment phase. This research is limited to the practicality of using teaching materials from students and teachers. The results obtained indicate that in terms of teachers, the results are very high, in terms of students, high results are obtained. This means that the teaching materials used are practically used by students and teachers at the school.

Based on observation that has been conducted at SDN 20 Muaro Sijunjung, Sijunjung, teacher still use conventional teaching method and depend on the text book that provided. The text book contains uninteresting fraction material for students. Students is being depend to the teacher and not able to apply the material on their daily life. Because of that, has been developed teaching material based on Problem Based Learning (PBL). The purpose of this research is to produce teaching material based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) which is valid, practical, and effective. This teaching material expected to develop students’ activity and students’ achievement. This research is development by using procedural Instructional Development Institute (IDI) model that consist of three steps, they are define step or needed analysis, develop and evaluate step. This teaching material made to module and students’ worksheet. Validation has done by mathematic experts and language experts. Practicality has discovered by learning observation, giving the questionnaire to students and do the interview with students and teacher. Effectiveness has discovered by students’ activity and students’ test result. The data analyzed descriptively. The result of this research shows that teaching material based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) is valid in contents and construction. The practicality shows that this teaching material is practical to use. By using these teaching material students be more active, it’s showed by the increase of students’ achievement with amount of completeness reach 88%. Based on these results is known that teaching material based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) on fraction material that have been developed is valid, practical and effective for use teaching material for elementary school.

Education is the main capital in the progress of the life of the nation and state. Although Germany was in a period of devastation due to World War II, the German education system was more advanced than the Indonesian education system. This comparative study needs to be done to motivate policy makers and policy implementers to develop a better Indonesian education system. This study was conducted to describe the German and Indonesian education systems. The use of the method is carried out by literature study with ten national journal review results based on the German and Indonesian education systems. The results showed that there are differences in education at the level of higher education and financing between Germany and Indonesia. The German government provides a policy to be free in choosing majors at the higher education level because it makes it easier for them to get job opportunities after finishing college, while the Indonesian education system at the higher education level has no freedom of choice because it is bound by policies that regulate the taking of majors based on test scores obtained. Education financing in Germany is free from primary to higher education level. On the contrary, education financing in Indonesia charges fees starting from the elementary level to the higher education level except tuition fees (education financing donations are free for public schools starting from the elementary level to the higher education level.