Acesso e utilização dos serviços na Estratégia Saúde da Família na perspectiva dos gestores, profissionais e usuáriosAccess to and use of the services of the family health strategy from the perspective of managers, professionals and usersResumo Utilizaram-se questionários adaptados à realidade brasileira (PCATool) para avaliar acesso e utilização dos serviços, aplicados a 30 gestores, 80 profissionais e amostra aleatória de 882 usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em São Luís. Diferenças entre as avaliações dos 3 tipos de entrevistados foram identificadas pelo teste de KruskallWallis e pós-teste de Dunn. Usuários tiveram dificuldades no acesso e na utilização dos serviços, também considerados insatisfatórios pelos gestores e profissionais. O acesso foi a dimensão pior avaliada e o não funcionamento das unidades após as 18 horas e finais de semana foram suas principais dificuldades. A avaliação dos gestores e profissionais quase sempre divergiu com a dos usuários, sendo a avaliação dos gestores predominantemente mais favorável. Gratuidade, utilização de serviços preventivos e da ESF antes das consultas especializadas foram bem avaliadas. O funcionamento das unidades precisa se adequar às necessidades dos usuários, principalmente dos trabalhadores. Fortalecer a participação social na gestão local da ESF pode ajudar a identificar essas necessidades, dirimindo divergências entre os atores estudados. Palavras-chave Programa Saúde da Família, Atenção Primária, Avaliação em Saúde Abstract Questionnaires adapted to the Brazilian reality (Primary Care Assessment Tool) to evaluate access to and use of services were distributed to 30 managers, 80 professionals and a random sample of 882 Family Health Strategy (FHS) users in São Luís in the state of Maranhão. The differences between the evaluations of managers, professionals and users were identified by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post test. Users faced difficulties in access to and use of the services, which were also considered unsatisfactory by managers and professionals. Access was the dimension with the worst evaluation, and non-functioning of units after 6 p.m. and at weekends were the main difficulties. The evaluations of the managers and professionals were almost always divergent from those of the users, with the evaluation of the managers being more favorable. The fact that the service was free of charge, the use of preventive services and the FHS services before the specialized care were well evaluated. The operation of units should attend users' needs, especially that of the working population. Strengthening social participation in local management of the FHS may assist in identifying these needs, thereby reducing the divergent opinions of the players involved.
Evidence exists on the health impacts of the current COVID-19 pandemic on health workers, but less is known about its impact on their work dynamics and livelihoods. This matters, as health workers—and physicians in particular—are a scarce and expensive resource in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our cross-sectional survey set out to explore changes in working hours and earnings during the second year of the pandemic in a representative sample of 1183 physicians in Brazil’s São Paulo (SP) and Maranhão (MA) states. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistics were employed to explore differences in working hours and earnings among public and private sector physicians across the two locations. The workloads and earnings of doctors working exclusively in the public sector increased the most in the second year of the epidemic, particularly in MA. Conversely, the largest proportion of private-only doctors in our sample saw a decrease in their working hours (48.4%, 95% CI 41.8–55.0), whereas the largest proportion of public-only doctors in MA saw an increase in their working hours (44.4%, 95% CI 38.0–50.8). Although earnings remained broadly stable in the public sector, a third of public sector-only physicians in MA saw an increase in their earnings (95% CI 24.4–36.2). More than half of private-only doctors across both states saw a decrease in their earnings (52.2%, 95% CI 45.6–58.8). The largest proportion of dual practitioners (the majority in Brazil and in our sample) maintained their pre-pandemic levels of income (38.8%, 95% CI 35.3–42.3). As public-sector doctors have been key in the fight against the pandemic, it is critical to invest in these cadres in order to develop epidemic preparedness in LMICs, and to find new ways to harness for-profit actors to deliver social benefits.
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