The emergence of resistance to antiretroviral drugs is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. In this work, we correlate clinical and virological trends such as viral load (VL) and CD4 counts to genotypic and phenotypic antiretroviral (ARV) resistance profiles of HIV-1 isolates from the B and non-B subtypes found in vertically infected children failing ARV therapy. Plasma samples were collected from 52 vertically HIV-1-infected children failing different ARV therapies. Samples underwent HIV-1 pol sequencing and phenotyping and were clustered into subtypes by phylogenetic analysis. Clinical data from each patient were analyzed together with the resistance (genotypic and phenotypic) data obtained. Thirty-five samples were from subtype B, 10 samples were non-B (subtypes A, C, and F), and 7 were mosaic samples. There was no significant difference concerning treatment data between B and non-B clades. Prevalence of known drug resistance mutations revealed slightly significant differences among B and non-B subtypes: L10I, 21 and 64%, K20R, 13 and 43%, M36I, 34 and 100%, L63P, 76 and 36%, A71V/T, 24 and 0%, and V77I, 32 and 0%, respectively, in the protease (0.0001 < P < 0.0886), and D67N, 38 and 8%, K70R, 33 and 0%, R211K, 49 and 85%, and K219Q/E, 31 and 0%, respectively, in the reverse transcriptase (0.0256 < P < 0.0704). Significant differences were found only in secondary resistance mutations and did not reflect significant phenotypic variation between clade B and non-B.
IntroduçãoO efeito indesejável mais notório das transfusões sangüíneas é a aquisição de hepatites virais. As múltiplas exposições dos hemofílicos ao uso de derivados do sangue colocam este grupo em extremo risco na aquisição destas hepatites. Comprovadamente implicados nas hepatites pós-transfusionais, desenvolvidas pelos hemofílicos, ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a soroprevalência de infecção pelo HCV entre hemofílicos no Estado do Pará e a possível relação com nível sérico de enzimas hepáticas, tipo de hemofilia, idade, gravidade, combinação e tipo de tratamento e data de início de tratamento com hemoderivados.Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico com corte transversal, analisando 62 pacientes hemofílicos do Centro de Hemoterapia do Pará (HEMOPA), nascidos a partir de 01/01/80, através de revisão de prontuário, exame físico e exames laboratoriais: Anti-HCV (ELISA 3ª geração), Reação de cadeia de polimerase -PCR -(HCV-RNA )e dosagem de níveis séricos de transaminases (ALT e AST) . A análise estatística dos dados foi feita aplicando os testes do qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher, considerando-se significantes os resultados de p< 0,05.Resultados: Dos 62 pacientes analisados, 48,4% (n=30) eram soropositivos para o HCV. Dentre estes pacientes, 43,3% (n=13) apresentavam viremia com detecção de RNA viral pela técnica de PCR. A infecção pelo HCV se relacionou com data de início de tratamento anterior a 1993(p= 0,0005); com o tipo de hemofilia, sendo o tipo A mais freqüente (p=0,028); com gravidade, sendo mais freqüente na forma moderada (p=0,026); e com faixa etária, sendo mais freqüente acima dos 5 anos de idade (p=0,025).Conclusões: A infecção pelo HCV entre hemofílicos no Estado do Pará é elevada (48,4%) e se relacionou com início de tratamento anterior a 1993, quando se iniciou a triagem sorológica obrigatória para HCV nos bancos de sangue no Brasil. É também significantemente mais freqüente entre crianças com idade superior a 5 anos, com hemofilia do tipo A e com hemofilia de gravidade moderada. J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 1998; 74(4): 325-332:hepatite, hemofilia, doença de Christmas. AbstractObjective: To evaluate the prevalence of infection by HCV among hemophiliacs in the State of Pará (Brazil), and its possible relation to hepatic enzymes serum level, type of hemophilia involved, age, level of severity, kinds and combinations of treatment, as well as date in which treatment with hemoderivates was started.Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological investigation, analyzing 62 hemophilic patients of the Centro de Hemoterapia do Pará (HEMOPA), all born after 01/01/80, by means of the review of the medical records, physical examination and laboratory tests: Anti-HCV (ELISA 3.0), polymerase chain reaction -PCR -(HCV-RNA), and dosage of transaminases serum levels. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test, the results being considered significant if p<0.05.Results: Out of the 62 patients analyzed, 48.4% (n=30) were HCV positive. Among these patients, 43.3% (n=13) presented viraemia with detectio...
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