Between 1932 and 1934, the journal Revista Nacional de Educação was published by Rio de Janeiro's National Museum, under the auspices of hte Brazilian Ministry of Education and Public Health and under the direction of Roquette-Pinto. Its main goal was to disseminate information on science, history, and art among a wide-ranging Brazilian public. The articles were written by the intellectuals of the day, many of whom were scientists at the Museu Nacional. The Revista also published translations of excerpts by a number of travelers. Every issue was published at a low cost, with a significant number of copies. The journal was touted as the initiative of a renewed Republic, part of a broader strategy of inaugurating new relations between government and a population to be educated. It defined itself as "a spiritual milestone in the Brazilian nationality" in tune with the ideal of a State whose educational initiatives were meant to constitute a people and a nation.
This essay examines contemporary Latin American historical writing about natural history from the nineteenth through the twentieth centuries. Natural history is a "network science," woven out of connections and communications between diverse people and centers of scholarship, all against a backdrop of complex political and economic changes. Latin American naturalists navigated a tension between promoting national science and participating in "universal" science. These tensions between the national and the universal have also been reflected in historical writing on Latin America. Since the 1980s, narratives that recognize Latin Americans' active role have become more notable within the renewal of the history of Latin American science. However, the nationalist slant of these approaches has kept Latin American historiography on the margins. The networked nature of natural history and Latin America's active role in it afford an opportunity to end the historiographic isolation of Latin America and situate it within world history.
Este ensaio visa apresentar o estado da arte dos estudos sobre animais realizados pelos historiadores no Brasil. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda identificou uma tradição cultural luso-brasileira, na qual predominou uma relação de extrema imprevidência e antropocentrismo em relação ao mundo natural e, consequentemente, aos animais, desde os primeiros anos de colonização do território. Frente ao caráter inovador de algumas obras de Sérgio Buarque no tratamento dos animais, e da reconhecida importância desse historiador, é surpreendente que esse aspecto tenha sido obscurecido pela historiografia brasileira entre os anos 1960 e os 2000. Em anos recentes, os animais têm invadido o horizonte de interesse dos historiadores. Não obstante, ainda não se pode falar num campo de estudos sobre animais realmente bem estabelecido na historiografia brasileira. A conclusão discute as possíveis razões dessa lacuna.
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