Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in severely injured trauma patients and is associated with poor outcomes. A positive fluid balance is associated with AKI and poor longterm renal outcomes among general intensive care unit (ICU) and cardiac surgery patients. Currently, the optimal endpoint of resuscitation of severely injured trauma patients is unknown, which may result in excess fluid administration. We hypothesized that positive fluid balance is common after severe trauma and is associated with increased AKI development.Design: A cohort study of adult (≥16 years) trauma patients requiring ICU admission from January 2017 to June of 2017 was conducted. Patients were excluded for early death, rhabdomyolysis, or prior history of end-stage renal disease or congestive heart failure. AKI within 7 days of admission was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine-based criteria. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.Results: Of 364 patients, 74% were male. The median age was 41 years (IQR 27-59) and the median injury severity score (ISS) was 18 (IQR 10-29). Positive fluid balance (>2L) was observed in 49% of patients. AKI was diagnosed in 105 (29%) patients. After adjustment, there was an

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Context/Objective: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death after acute spinal cord injury (SCI). High tidal volume ventilation (HVtV) is used in SCI rehabilitation centers to overcome hypoventilation while weaning patients from the ventilator. Our objective was to determine if HVtV in the acute post-injury period in SCI patients is associated with lower incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) when compared to patients receiving standard tidal volume ventilation. Design: Cohort study.