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RESUMO -(Plantas medicinais usadas pelas populações indígenas Kaiowá e Guarani na Reserva de Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil). Estudo etnobotânico realizado com a população indígena Kaiowá/Guarani na Reserva de Caarapó (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil) mostrou que 34 espécies vegetais, distribuídas em 22 famílias, têm propriedades medicinais e são utilizadas para o tratamento de diversas patologias. As informações obtidas foram: nome local em Português e em Guarani, indicações terapêuticas, preparação e a parte da planta utilizada. As principais plantas medicinais são usadas pela população indígena no tratamento de gripes e resfriados, dores abdominais, febres, reumatismos e para o tratamento de feridas. Palavras-chave: população Kaiowá/Guarani, etnobotânica, plantas medicinais ABSTRACT -(Medicinal plants used by the Kaiowá and Guarani indigenous populations in the CaarapóReserve, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). This ethnobotanical survey carried out with the Kaiowá and Guarani populations in the Caarapó Reserve (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) showed that 34 plant species of 22 families with medicinal properties, are used for treating diverse pathologies. Local names in Portuguese and Guarani are provided, along with therapeutic indications, modes of preparation, and a description of the plant parts used. These folk-medicine plants have been mostly used for the treatment of influenza, abdominal pain, fever and rheumatism, and for wound healing.

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The components of genetic variation and genetic gain obtained with three selection methods -individual, combined and multi-effect index selection -were compared in rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] progenies. The rubber tree is a cross pollinating species with a mixed reproductive system in which the self pollination rate is 22%. Twenty-two half sib progenies were planted at experimental stations at Pindorama, Votuporanga and Jaú, in São Paulo State, using a randomized and complete block design, with five replications and ten plants per plot. Dry rubber production was assessed when the plants were three years old. Based on the genetic variability of the populations, Pindorama was the best environment for the expression of variability. At the individual level, heritability was seriously affected when random progenies from an open pollinating population were considered as half sib progenies. Considerable overestimation of genetic gains occurred during individual, combined and multi-effect index selection when the rubber tree reproductive system was not considered as mixed. Selection based on the multi-effect index maximizes genetic progress and should be used more in rubber tree breeding programs.

International audienceNortheast Brazil represents a key area in terms of Holocene environmental changes in South America due to its distinct semi-arid climate at near equatorial latitudes as well as to a wetter Early and Middle Holocene paleoclimate in comparison with other South America regions, which also experienced a reduced monsoon at that time. We studied the lacustrine sediments of Lake Boqueirão, which is located at 5°S latitude on the Brazilian Atlantic coast; it is directly influenced by displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A short (1 m) core "Boqc0701" was collected at a 7.5 m water depth during a seismic survey. Organic matter (OM) geochemical [Rock Eval Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Hydrogen Index (HI), Oxygen Index (OI)] and petrographical studies allowed us to distinguish five sedimentary intervals during the last 3 kyrs. Phase E (3000 to 2050 cal yr BP) presents the largest TOC, HI and OI fluctuations in the entire core. The most probable cause of these variations is a great instability in the lake level during this period. Phase D (2050 to 1830 cal yr BP) is marked by an increase in sedimentation rate and a higher contribution from a well-preserved OM with an algal origin; this was interpreted as a higher and more stable lake level. During phase C (1830 to 1550 cal yrs BP), low HI and high OI indicate the input of more oxidized, degraded and detrital OM, reflecting a lower lake level. In phase B (1550 to 1470 cal yr BP), the OM quality and quantity (HI and TOC) indicate an algal contribution. During phase A (1470 to 570 cal yr BP), the high stability of the proxies may be due to a deep environment where OM fluctuations are strongly buffered. These changes in lake level can be compared with other tropical South America high resolution records. A correspondence seems to exist between phases of low ENSO, cool North Atlantic Ocean and Boqueirão wet phases. We did not encounter this same pattern during the last 1050 years, during which the 1050-570 cal yrs BP interval was generally wet (although probable fluctuations are buffered in our proxies) while the North Atlantic was warm (Mann et al., 2009). A prolonged dryness occurred in Lake Boqueirão from 570 cal yrs BP until recent decades. This phase corresponds to the Little Ice Age characterized by a cooler North Atlantic Ocean (Mann et al., 2009). These data indicate that the teleconnection pattern between the tropical Atlantic, ENSO and Northeast Brazil rainfalls has changed in the past