Baziramakenga, R., Simard, R. R. and Lalande, R. 2001. Effect of de-inking paper sludge compost application on soil chemical and biological properties. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 561-575. A 2-yr field study evaluated the effect of applying compost of deinking paper residues and poultry manure (DSPC) on the chemical and biological properties of Tilly silt loam (Gleyed Humo-Ferric Podzol) in Sainte-Croix de Lotbinière, Québec, Canada. The experiment began in 1996 with snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Centralia') and continued in 1997 on the same plots with potato (Solanum tuberosum L. 'Gold Rush'). In 1996, treatments included three rates of mineral fertilizer (MF) (60, 120 and 180 kg P 2 O 5 -K 2 O ha -1 ), three rates of DSPC (14, 28 and 42 Mg ha -1 on a dry matter basis) alone or in combination with MF, and an untreated control. In the spring of 1997, main plots were divided into four subplots and P fertilizer was applied at 0, 44, 88 and 132 kg ha -1 . The DSPC increased soil pH and water content. Soil inorganic N increased just after DSPC application, but this effect lasted only 1 yr. Soil Mehlich-3 extractable P showed a significant increase due to DSPC application and the increase was much larger when DSPC was applied in combination with P fertilizer. Soil phosphatase and urease activities were also increased by DSPC. Application of DSPC increased soil Mehlich-3 extractable K and Mg contents. Except for Mn and Zn, soil Mehlich-3 extractable heavy metal contents were not influenced by DSPC. This experiment indicates that compost derived from a mixture of de-inking papermill sludges and poultry manure is a potential source of nutrients for crops and can effectively improve chemical and biological properties of low fertility or degraded soils.