Cyclin D1 and E-cadherin are important factors in the progression and metastasis of cancers. Their role in laryngeal carcinoma has been studied with conflicting results. To define the frequency of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin expression and its correlation with both the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Tumor tissue samples from 75 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were examined for cyclin D1 and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of both molecules and the age and sex of the patient, tumor site, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor invasiveness, TNM stages, tumor recurrence and overall survival was analyzed. Cyclin D1 was found to be a significant independent prognostic factor of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000). The multivariate analysis revealed that cyclin D1 and E-cadherin expression wasn't an independent prognostic factor of local recurrence free survival (LRFS) in patients with LSCC (P = 0.56 and 0.28) respectively. However, the univariate analysis revealed a significant association between them and LRFS (p = 0.003 and 0.000) respectively. Also, the group of high cyclin D1 /low E-cadherin expression had the poorest prognosis, so they might serve as potential predictors of the prognosis of the patients with LSCC. E-cadherin was found to affect the overall survival (OAS) significantly by the univariate analysis (p = 0.01). However, by the multivariate analysis the TNM stage was the only independent prognostic factor of OAS (p < 0.05). Cyclin D1 can be used as an independent prognostic marker of lymph node metastasis in patients with LSCC and can help to identify those patients with clinically negative lymph nodes but with considerable risk for occult metastasis. Detection of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin status in LSCC may contribute to the identification of patients with high risk factors of local recurrence. However, they don't appear to be better prognostic predictors than other established markers in LSCC.

Background and aim: Breast cancer is the commonest malignant tumor and a common cause of cancer death in women all over the world. Some recent studies attributed breast cancer to viral infection. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of HCMV, EBV and HPV in invasive carcinoma of the breast among the Egyptian women by immunohistochemistry and whether there is a relationship between the prognostic factors of breast carcinoma and these viruses. Patients and methods: This retrospective study included 107 selected cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Slides cut from tissue microarray prepared blocks were stained immunohistochemically for HCMV, EBV and HPV antigens. The association of such viruses with the clinicopathological features, tumor recurrence and patient death was evaluated statistically. Result: HCMV, EBV and HPV were present in 43.9%, 10.3% and 24.3% of cases respectively. HCMV was associated significantly with the tumor grade, mitotic count (P = .01), IDC, ER, PR, Her2/neu and molecular subtype (P = .032, .002, .02, .005, .003) respectively. EBV was associated with the tumor size, stage and histological type (P = . 025, .005, .009) respectively. HPV wasn't associated with any of the clinicopathological characteristics. None of these viruses was associated with the tumor recurrence or patient death. Conclusion: HCMV and EBV might be contributing factors for the development and behavioural alteration of breast carcinoma, representing potential tools for the detection of specific therapies for this cancer. Further studies on a larger number of cases using other techniques such as CISH for specific typing of the viruses especially HPV can add more information.

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Thyroid cancer represents approximately 1% of new cancer and oestrogen may play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid neoplasm. We aimed to study the clinicopathological criteria and ER expression of thyroid cancer in Mansoura University (Egypt), and to correlate the survival to these clinicopathological data and ER expression. This retrospective study reviewed 644 patients with histologically proven thyroid carcinoma during the period from 2003 to 2011. 152 cases during the period between 2008 and 2011 were retrieved from the archive and examined by immunohistochemistry for oestrogen receptor-α (ER) expression. ER-α expression is significantly associated with the female sex, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, extrathyroid extension, multifocality disease and recurrence and in the whole series (p < 0.5). The same was noticed in papillary carcinoma (PTC) except the gender of the patient. Tumour type, extrathyroid extension and ER expression were the independent prognostic factors of DFS, while in PTC, only ER expression was the independent one. The histological type was the only independent prognostic factor for OAS in the series were studied for ER expression, while extrathyroid extension was the only one that affected OAS of PTC. There was significant positive correlation with lymph node metastasis and ER expression in whole patient and PTC cases. No difference in survival between the low and high ranges of positive oestrogen expression. The prognosis of thyroid carcinoma in Egypt is similar to that occurs worldwide. ER-α expression was a significant prognostic marker for DFS in thyroid cancer and can be used as a predictive factor of lymph node metastasis.

Objective:Meningiomas are neoplasms that arise from the meninges of the central nervous system (CNS). They constitute about 25.6% of CNS tumors diagnosed in Egypt. Some morphological variants of meningiomas display aggressive behavior, leading to brain-invasive growth pattern. Although meningiomas are usually treated by complete surgical excision, the risk of postoperative recurrence remains. Hence, additional biomarkers for predicting aggressive behavior must be discovered. This study aims to explore the clinical and biological relevance of the protein expression levels of β-catenin and galectine-3 in meningioma and to understand the pathobiology of this neoplasm.Methods:This retrospective study was carried out on 153 cases of meningioma by using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry for β-catenin and galectine-3.Results:High β-catenin expression was significantly associated with transitional and meningiotheliomatous meningiomas, low tumor grade, low recurrence rate, and low incidence of brain invasion. Meanwhile, high galectin-3 expression was associated with brain invasion, recurrence, high tumor grade, and tumor type. Logistic regression analysis indicated that among all variables included in the model, β-catenin and galactin-3 expression levels were significant predictors of tumor recurrence (P<0.001).Conclusions:Galectin-3 and β-catenin are involved in meningioma recurrencebut not in brain invasion. These molecules could be important potential therapeutic targets and predictors for meningiomas.