Introduction: Implant-supported orthodontic treatment has gained an expanded interest by researchers and orthodontists in the recent years. Therefore, different methods were tried to achieve the best results in this kind of treatment. Aim of the study:The current research was conducted to compare the effect of 2 different treatment methods on the surface of orthodontic titanium mini-screws and on bone response to the treated implants.Materials and methods: Forty-eight titanium mini-screw implants were distributed under 3 equal groups; as received, sandblasted, and laser-treated, respectively. After application of the surface-treatment methods, half of the selected screws were tested for surface morphology, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a digital profilometer. To evaluate the biological effects of surface treatment methods, the other screws were implanted in rabbits' tibias which were subjected to histological examination at the end of the experimental periods of 4 and 8 weeks. The surgical procedures and euthanasia were conducted according to the limitations of Research Committee of Mansoura University.Results: Sandblasted implants showed the highest surface roughness and the most pronounced bone response. Conclusion:Sandblasting surface treatment provide more favorable conditions for implant osseointegration, in comparison to laser-treatment.

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Objective: Perform clinical and histopathological evaluations of gingival hyperplasia after kidney transplantation in patients receiving either cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TAC). Subjects and Methods: A sample of 54 male renal transplant patients who have undergone immunosuppressive regimen (CsA=28 and TAC=26) were examined in respect to demographic, pharmacologic and periodontal variables. Gingival overgrowth (GO) was assessed by using gingival enlargement index. In addition gingival biopsies were examined histopathologically with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and Immunohistochemistry using caspase 3 expression and histomorphometric Analyses. Furthermore the serum level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2) was assessed in the two groups. Data were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Considering gingival enlargement, there was a statistically significant difference between (CsA) and (TAC) group's index with higher mean in (CsA) group versus (TAC) group. Considering the gingival bleeding index, there was a statistically significant difference between (CsA) and (TAC) groups with higher mean in (CsA) group versus (TAC) group and regarding serum (MMP2) level, there was statistically significant difference between (CsA) and (TAC) groups with lower mean in (CsA) group versus (TAC) group. Histopathologically, the degree of tacrolimusinfluenced gingival enlargement was lesser in comparison to (CsA) group. Conclusions: (CsA) induced a greater degree of gingival enlargement than (TAC) as shown clinically and histolopathologically but the serum level of (MMP2) was higher in (TAC) group than in the (CsA) group. (MMP2) may have a role in the mechanism of gingival enlargement.

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Management of FN injury in the present time focuses on that may or may not heal spontaneously [6] . The development in microsurgery, microbiology, radiographic imaging and electro-diagnostic testing has provided great vision into the treatment, diagnosis, pathophysiology and rehabilitation of FN. The proper diagnosis and early treatment is the most important principle for all physicians in management of FN pathology [5] .However, the treatment with surgical intervention is essential in injuries associated with immediate complete paralysis, which are unlikely to have spontaneous recovery, because of the presumed neuronal disorder [6] .Many therapeutic agents (such as: steroids, nimodipine, oxytocin...etc.) have been suggested for years to improve neural function and shorten recovery period, and investigations still go on [7,8] .