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Two samples of male students (N = 25, and N = 51) and a small sample of female students (N = 7) were administered the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and blood samples were drawn on two occasions to determine plasma levels of androgens and oestrogens. Reliable and significant simple and partial correlations were found between the sex hormones and the SSS subscale, Disinhibition. Partial correlations simultaneously controlled for height, weight, age, and recency of orgasm.

The research, clinical applications, and effects of audiotape and videotape self‐confrontation techniques to family therapy are reviewed. A variety of new applications, such as cross‐confrontation and interpersonal process recall, are integrated into the practice of family therapy. Thirteen specific audiovisual self‐confrontation methods are reviewed along with reported positive and negative effects of their use. As most novel additions to a therapists “bag of tricks”, self‐confrontation methods are being abused, applied randomly and unsystematically. There is an urgent need for well‐designed and relevant research in the area.

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