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Background: Ultrasound is the primary modality for the evaluation of patients with acute scrotum. Accurate exclusion of testicular torsion is prevented from unnecessary surgical exploration. Objectives: We assessed scrotal changes in pediatric testicular torsion in comparison epidydimits, with purpose to determine more specific points for differentiation testicular torsion from epididymitis. Methods: During 2011 -2017 a descriptive case control study was performed in Dr. Sheikh and Akbar Children hospital, Mashhad medical university of science. The 41 pediatric patients with acute scrotum (21 cases with testicular torsion and 20 cases with epididymitis) were examined. Eventually, the sonographic findings were analyzed to compare the results. Results: Testicular and epididymal enlargement, hydrocele, the hyperemia of surrounding tissues and the scrotal skin thickening

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding from renal cell carcinoma metastasis is an uncommon manifestation of tumor recurrence and is usually difficult to control. Palliative trans-catheter embolization to control the bleeding has been used and described in the literature. Case presentation: The present report describes a 62-years-old male with local recurrence of RCC who presented with upper GI bleeding as the primary manifestation 10 years after right-sided partial nephrectomy. A pseudoaneurysm of renal artery with erosion into the duodenal lumen was responsible for the massive bleeding and was controlled with coil embolization. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of high index suspicion in post-nephrectomy patients for RCC, presenting with new symptoms. Aggressive gastrointestinal workup and adequate awareness of available minimallyinvasive endovascular options for controlling GIB in these patients, are of paramount importance.