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Introduction:Guidelines have improved the management of prosthetic joint infections (PJI).However, it is necessary to reassess the incidence and risk factors for treatment failure (TF) of Staphylococcus aureus PJI (SA-PJI) including functional loss, which has so far been neglected as an outcome. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of SA-PJI was performed in 19 European hospitals between 2014 and 2016. The outcome variable was TF, including related mortality, clinical failure and functional loss both after the initial surgical procedure and after all procedures at 18 months. Predictors of TF were identified by logistic regression. Landmark analysis was used Jesu ´s Rodrı ´guez-Ban ˜o and Maria Dolores del Toro contributed equally as senior authors of the study.Members of The ARTHR-IS Group are listed in Acknowledgements section.