The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WTC) in Hispanic children and analyze treatment response. Retrospective evaluation of records seen at our institution from 1970-2007 was undertaken. Twenty-seven cases were evaluated, 24 were treated with radioiodine, followed for a mean period of 15 years. There were 18 females, 9 males, median age 11 years. Eleven tumors were papillary', IS papillary-follicular variant and one follicular. All had total thyroidectomy and iodine scan. Initially 75% of the tumors were T2, 79% were Nl, and 29% had distant mctastases. Radioiodine was given to 89%. The cumulative radiation dose ranged from 110-925 mCi. Residual disease was present in 25% at last follow up, maximal follow up 37 years without tumor recurrence. Patients were all alive, 75% were disease-free. WTC in pediatrics is extensive at diagnosis; treatment outcome and longterm survival are excellent.

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This second-edition textbook on nuclear hepatology and hepatobiliary diseases is well written, handy, and supplemented with good illustrations and images that effectively explain hepatic physiology and pathology starting at the cellular microstructure level and proceeding to the visualized nuclear scan findings. The meticulous attention paid to minute detail throughout the book is a testimony to the authors' sincere and intense interest in nuclear hepatology. The book covers all aspects of nuclear hepatology from embryology, morphology, structure, anatomy, and physiology, to effective descriptions of the nuclear scan findings as a reflection of the functioning of the hepatobiliary system in health and disease. This comprehensive book makes us pause, analyze, and reason out the physiology or pathology behind the normal or abnormal hepatic scan findings in a given patient. Each chapter has an adequate number of references and is supplemented with good-quality pictorial illustrations, tables, graphs, diagrams, and images to explain the physiology and pathology seen on the nuclear scans. Illustrative examples are given of gallbladder emptying resulting from the interaction of cholecystokinin with its receptors on the gallbladder in normal patterns and in chronic cholecystitis or bile flow patterns in cystic ducts and sphincter-of-Oddi dysfunction. These examples make it easier to understand and identify the hepatoiminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan patterns in these different conditions. The book walks us through the liver disease process starting with the initial reversible stage of prolongation of the hepatic transit time to disruption of the basolateral border, cell rupture, and final cell death, thereby helping us to understand the effects of the disease process on the nuclear scan.Chapter 1 covers the morphology and microstructure of the hepatobiliary system from embryology and segmental anatomy to vasculature, lymphatics, nerves, the common bile duct, and the gallbladder. The microstructure and function of the different hepatic cells and the role of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi in HIDA imaging are well described. The illustrations and images in this chapter make it easier to understand these topics.Chapter 2 comprehensively covers liver function, including the basolateral and canalicular domains of the hepatocytes, the sodium-dependent pathways, the role of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide in the sodium-independent pathways, the basolateral transporters, the nuclear receptors, apoptosis, and protein secretion. Again, the many detailed, clear illustrations make this complex chapter easier to understand. Bile entry, storage, concentration, and emptying of the gallbladder give us the physiologic rationale for HIDA scanning. Chapter 3 covers the different hepatic imaging agents, from the infrequently used 99m Tc-sulfur colloid to the routinely used HIDA agents. Starting with their uptake in the hepatocyte, the authors describe their hepatic transit, secretion into the bile canaliculi, storage in the ...