Being an important contributor to the final energy consumption, historic buildings built before 1945 have high specific heating energy consumption compared to current energy standards and norms. However, they often cannot be insulated from the outside due to their heritage and culture value. Internal insulation is an alternative. However internal insulation faces challenges related to hygrothermal behaviour leading to mold growth, freezing, deterioration and other risks. The goal of this research is to link hygrothermal simulation results with experimental results for internally insulated historic brick masonry to assess correlation between simulated and measured data as well as the most influential parameters. The study is carried out by both a mathematical simulation tool and laboratory tests of historic masonry with internal insulation with four insulation materials (mineral wool, EPS, wood fiber and granulated aerogel) in a cold climate (average 4000 heating degree days). We found disparity between measured and simulated hygrothermal performance of studied constructions due to differences in material parameters and initial conditions of materials. The latter plays a more important role than material parameters. Under a steady state of conditions, the condensate tolerating system varies between 72.7 % and 80.5 % relative humidity, but in condensate limiting systems relative humidity variates between 73.3 % and 82.3 %. The temperature between the masonry wall and all insulation materials has stabilized on average at +10 °C. Mold corresponding to Mold index 3 was discovered on wood fiber mat.
Latvija un tajā skaitā Latgale ir bagāta ar ēkām, kuras celtas pirms Otrā pasaules kara un ir būtiska pilsētu un lauku teritoriju ainavas sastāvdaļa. Taču, salīdzinot ar mūsdienu energoefektivitātes prasībām, to enerģijas patēriņš un ietekme uz klimata pārmaiņām ir liela. Viens no tehniskajiem risinājumiem, kuru var izmantot ēkās, kuru siltināšana no ārpuses nav pieļaujama, ir ēku siltināšana no iekšpuses. Lai gan ir pieejami dažādi materiāli un tehnoloģiskie risinājumi, ēku siltināšana no iekšpuses prasa daudz lielāku uzmanību veltīt higrotermālajiem procesiem sienas iekšienē, detalizēti analizējot siltuma un mitruma pārvietošanos un uzkrāšanos materiālos. Kļūdaini risinājumi var radīt būtiskus bojājumus ārsienās, t. sk. materiālu degradāciju sasalšanas-atkušanas ciklu ietekmē un pelējuma sēnes veidošanos konstrukcijā. Pētījuma galvenais mērķis ir noteikt, kādi higrotermālie procesi notiek vēsturisko ēku ārsienās kritiskajās vietās aukstajā klimatiskajā zonā, izmantojot ūdens tvaiku necaurlaidīgu siltumizolāciju, ūdens tvaiku daļēji caurlaidīgu siltumizolāciju un kapilāri aktīvu siltumizolācijas materiālu. Pētījumā veikta higrotermālo procesu modelēšana ar dinamisko modelēšanas rīku Delphin. Pētījums tapis Valsts pētījumu programmā „LATENERGI“ un projektā „RiBuild“.
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