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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine disorder currently plaguing women. There are many factors associated with high androgenicity in the female body. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be one of the primary reasons that initiate PCOS. Emerging evidence suggests that some plastics, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, electronic waste, food additives, and artificial hormones that release endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cause microbial Dysbiosis. It is reported that the permeability of the gut is increased due to an increase of some Gram-negative bacteria. It helps to promote the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the gut lumen to enter the systemic circulation resulting in inflammation. Due to inflammation, insulin receptors' impaired activity may result in insulin resistance (IR), which could be a possible pathogenic factor in PCOS development. Good bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and these SCFAs have been reported to increase the development of Mucin-2 (MUC-2) mucin in colonic mucosal cells and prevent the passage of bacteria. Probiotic supplementation for PCOS patients enhances many biochemical pathways with beneficial effects on changing the colonic bacterial balance. This way of applying probiotics in the modulation of the gut microbiome could be a potential therapy for PCOS.

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Aims: Exploration of the ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus brevis on glycemic and obesity parameters in high fat diet (HFD) fed hyperglycemic Swiss albino mice. Study Design: HFD with 58% fat, 25.6% carbohydrate, and 16.4% protein was fed to mice to develop metabolic syndrome. The experimental group of obese mice was fed with oral supplement of L. brevis for 28 days and the metabolic parameters of the mice are compared with control groups. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Place and Duration of Study: The study was executed in the Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal situated in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India in 2020-21. Methodology: ‘ND’, fed with normal pellet-based diet; ‘HFD’, fed with HFD diet and 10% sucrose water and ‘HFD + LB’, fed with diet same as ’HFD’ group along with 1× 108 CFU of L. brevis (for each animal/day) from 22nd day onwards. At the end of experiment (on 50th day) the body weights, Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and serum Lipid Profile were measured. Results: the HFD group showed significantly high FBG levels (203.66 ± 8.73 mg/dL) when compared with the ND group (130± 2 mg/dL) but the FBG levels in HFD + LB group (163.66 ± 4.72 mg/dL) were not as significantly higher as the HFD group. OGTT test revealed L. brevis helped to resist the persistent hyperglycemic effects. It was seen that the levels of lipids like Triglycerides and Total cholesterol in HFD + LB group were in normal range and similar like that of the ND groups (172.22 ± 3.854 mg/dL and 134.89 ± 4.705 mg/dL). Conclusion: These findings indicate strong association for probiotic use of L. brevis as a potent preventative measure to combat the detrimental metabolic changes.