Bladder augmentation alone without simultaneous antireflux repair is usually sufficient for the resolution of pre-existing reflux. The various GI segments used for augmentation have no effect on urodynamic results and the resolution of VUR.

A relationship between the Teflon deposit, visible with ultrasound, and long-term success of subureteric Teflon injection (STING) treatment was investigated. The study included only those patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), in whom the reflux had disappeared and the Teflon deposits were visible 6 weeks following STING treatment. Cessation of VUR was proven by voiding cysto-urethrography (VCUG) in 99 patients (143 ureters). Average follow-up time was 9 (4-12) years. Patients were divided into two groups: group I, deposits visible with ultrasound [deposit (+)], and group II, no visible deposits at the end of the follow-up period [deposit (-)]. Reflux recurrence, the occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI), and pyelonephritis were investigated, and technetium scintigraphy scans were examined. The deposit (+) group included 43 patients (65 ureters), and the deposit (-) group contained 56 patients (78 ureters). In the deposit (+) group there were no recurrences of VUR; however, 17 recurrences were found in the deposit (-) group (P < 0.05). Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy scans and occurrence of UTI showed significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). A close relationship was found between the disappearance of the Teflon deposit and the recurrence of VUR. Disappearance of the Teflon deposit and repeated bacteriuria is a warning sign of the recurrence of VUR; therefore, VCUG might be warranted for these patients.

A combination of VUR and VUJO should be taken into consideration in a patient with proven reflux, where the ureter is dilated and tortuous and following urination the hydronephrosis and hydroureter persist or slowly decrease. In such cases long-term prophylaxis and endoscopic treatment are contraindicated but open surgery (reimplantation) is recommended.