Aim:To Quantify the DNA single-stranded breaks in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of tobacco-habituated individuals with clinically normal mucosa and patients with oral carcinoma.Objectives:To evaluate DNA damage levels in PBLs of tobacco-habituated individuals with clinically normal mucosa and patients with oral carcinoma and compare with a control group of healthy volunteers. To evaluate the extent of DNA damage in PBLs using Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) in the above groups.Materials and Methods:Patients who were attending the outpatient department were enrolled in this study. A control group of 30 healthy volunteers included in Group I were selected from various age groups who are not tobacco users in any form. Thirty patients with tobacco habituation but with clinically normal mucosa were included in Group II, while 30 tobacco-habituated patients with oral squamous carcinoma were included in Group III. A biopsy was taken from the representative area and confirmed histologically. Intravenous blood samples were collected from all the groups for evaluation of the extent of DNA damage using ethidium bromide-stained slides under fluorescent microscope. The DNA tail length was calculated by subtracting the diameter from the total length. Twenty-five randomly selected cells per slide were analyzed and mean calculated.Results:The mean DNA damage levels in patients with tobacco habits were compared with that of the control group and the results were found to be statistically significant. The mean DNA damage level in PBLs between tobacco-habituated patients with normal mucosa and oral cancer patients was found to be statistically significant. The DNA damage in cancer patients was compared with the control group and the results were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion:DNA damage evaluation in PBLs by SCGE technique is a sensitive and reliable indicator of tobacco insult.

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Prostate carcinoma is the most common malignancy in men in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death. The most common sites of metastasis are regional lymph nodes, bones, lungs, liver, bladder and brain. Testicular metastasis from Prostate carcinoma is very rare. Unilateral testicular metastasis is more common than bilateral metastasis. We report a rare case of bilateral testicular metastasis in orchiectomy specimen done for treatment of prostate carcinoma.

The odontogenic keratocyst is an enigmatic developmental cyst that deserves special attention. It has characteristic histopathological and clinical features; but, what makes this cyst special is its aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate. Odontogenic keratocyst is a benign odontogenic cyst, commonly affecting the mandible. These lesions have posed a great difficulty for the surgeons and pathologists. Few cases affecting the maxilla are also reported. Literature search suggests that odontogenic keratocysts may affect maxillary posterior and canine region. The present case reports a lesion of odontogenic keratocyst occuring in the maxillary incisor region, crossing midline which was initially misdiagnosed as infected residual cyst. After careful evaluation, it was reported as an odontogenic keratocyst.

Context: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by a high degree of local invasiveness and metastasis to cervical lymph nodes and distant sites. Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) requires the concerted action of several extracellular enzymes, the most prominent of which are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Proteolytic degradation of ECM components by (MMP-9) facilitates carcinoma cell invasion, enhances angiogenesis and tumor progression. Objective: To assess and correlate the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 with clinicopathological parameters and histological grades of OSCC. Settings and Design: Thirty histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC including 12 cases of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 12 cases of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and 6 cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study group. Materials and Methods: The samples were subjected to staining using monoclonal antibodies against MMP-9 and visualized using the polymer-HRP detection system. Expression of MMP-9 was assessed in tumor epithelium/parenchyma and connective tissue stroma separately, and the mean of both was considered as average MMP-9 expression. Statistical Analysis: The parametric independent samples “t” test, one-way ANOVA test and Pearson's correlation test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Immunoexpression of MMP-9 increased with advancing stage and histological grade of OSCC with statistically significant results. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays an important role in invasion and metastasis and can serve as an independent prognostic marker.