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Inventarisatie van maatregelen voor een betere verbinding van land-en tuinbouw met natuur. Wageningen, Wageningen Environmental Research, Rapport 3183. 102 blz.; 5 fig.; 0 tab.; 61 ref.Dit rapport biedt een overzicht van maatregelen die getroffen kunnen worden om land-en tuinbouw en natuur beter met elkaar te verbinden. Het doel hiervan is het toewerken naar weerbare teeltsystemen, als een van de onderdelen genoemd in de Toekomstvisie Gewasbescherming 2030 en het bijbehorende Uitvoeringsprogramma. Op basis van een brede inventarisatie en externe raadpleging onder ketenpartijen, agrarische collectieven en individuele agrariërs, zijn alle maatregelen die een belangrijke bijdrage kunnen leveren aan dit doel geïdentificeerd en beoordeeld. Hierbij is onderscheid gemaakt in vier (groepen van) teelttypen, te weten akkerbouw en vollegrondsgroenteteelt, fruit-en bomenteelt, bloembollenteelt en glastuinbouw. De maatregelen zijn beoordeeld op hun bijdrage aan de doelen uit het Uitvoeringsprogramma, hun toepasbaarheid en bijdrage aan de algehele biodiversiteit.This report provides a description of measures which can be applied to improve the connection between agriand horticulture and nature. The goal of this is working towards resilient farming systems, as one of the components mentioned in the Future Vision Crop Protection 2030 and accessory Implementation Program.Based on a broad inventory and external consultation among chain parties, farmer collectives and individual farmers, all measures which can make an important contribution to this goal have been identified and reviewed.Four (groups off) production types have been distinguished, being outdoor arable farming, fruit and tree cultivation, flower bulb cultivation and greenhouse horticulture. All measures have been assessed on their contribution to the goals of the Implementation Program, applicability and benefit to the overall biodiversity. Trefwoorden: weerbare teeltsystemen, gewasbeschermingsmiddelen, Toekomstvisie Gewasbescherming 2030, ecosysteemdiensten, natuurlijke bestrijders, plaagdieren, functionele agrobiodiversiteit, biodiversiteit, natuurinclusieve landbouw Dit rapport is gratis te downloaden van https://doi.org/10.18174/572340 of op www.wur.nl/environmentalresearch (ga naar 'Wageningen Environmental Research' in de grijze balk onderaan). Wageningen Environmental Research verstrekt geen gedrukte exemplaren van rapporten.

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In 1994 an unknown number of captive bred Russian rat snakes, Elaphe schrenckii (Strauch, 1873) were introduced near Groningen Airport Eelde (Drenthe Province), the Netherlands. Research in 2016/2017 confirmed that the species has become established and is expanding slowly, as recent sightings are known at distances up to 5.3 km from the initial release site. Although the continuous presence over two decades and sightings of different life stages of E. schrenckii specimens indicate successful reproduction, no reproductive data existed. To gain more insight, we conducted field surveys between 2014 and 2016 to collect data on oviposition sites and reproduction. Eggs of E. schrenckii were encountered in three compost heaps. Twenty-two clutches were found in these heaps in total, comprising a total of 332 eggs. Additionally, 42 loose eggs were found, totaling the number of retrieved eggs to 374. Minimum clutch sizes range from 10 – 21 eggs and average 15.1 ± 3.2 eggs (N = 22). Total individual egg hatching rate is 87.8% (N = 271). Clutch hatching rate varied between 46.2% and 100% with a mean value of 86.7 ± 18.8% (N = 16). Our findings indicate the importance of compost heaps for this species regarding reproduction as suitable sites for oviposition within this non-native range. Also, fecundity does not seem to be negatively affected by conditions in its invasive range; clutch size is on the high side. Because hatching rates can be high, its reproduction does not seem to be a limiting factor for further expansion within Eelde and surroundings.