Hydrochemical investigation was carried out in predominantly agricultural area of Cuddalore district, South East India. The objective was to determine the potential factors controlling groundwater chemistry and their seasonal variation. Fifty samples obtained from 37 agricultural boreholes and 13 surface waters were used for analyses of 13 physico-chemical parameters. Qualitative and quantitative methods such as titration methods, flame photometry and Ultra-violet visible spectrometry were used to define the major ions; Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl − , K + , SO 4 2+ , PO 4 , Si(OH) 4 and NO 3 − . The results further were subjected to geographic information system (GIS), statistical analysis and geochemical plots. The evaluation of factors controlling water chemistry was accomplished by interpreting Gibb's diagram, Piper diagram, Index of Base Exchange (IBE) and factor analysis. The interpretation proved that salts percolation, agriculture, weathering and dissolution as predominant factors controlling water quality of the study area. A Piper diagram classified the study site's water types into Ca-HCO 3 water type, Ca-Cl water type and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl water type indicating freshwater recharge, mineral dissolution and reverse ion exchange, respectively. Factor analysis extracted four significant factors, namely leaching of secondary salts, weathering, and mineral dissolution as well as anthropogenic factors, that cumulatively responsible for 80.34% of the total variance of the taluk's groundwater chemistry.

Surfacewater overlay groundwater at the groundwater/surface water interface(GSI). Water and chemicals are continually exchanged via GSI. Surface water recharges the underlying aquifer and undergo significant changes in chemical composition before it discharges back into the stream or at the surface. Thus a sustainable management of water resource needs an insight in the water chemistry and seasonal variations. The hydrochemical dataset representing a total of 37 groundwater samples and 13 surface water samples has been collected from Kattumannarkoil taluk,India to identify the factors governing water chemistry of the region. Hence, the samples were collected during two different seasons summer (April 2015) and monsoon (September 2015) to broadly cover seasonal variation. The collected samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. The physical parameters measured in the field are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS). The chemical parameters analyzed in the laboratory are calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), sodium (Na + ), potassium ( K + ), chloride (Cl − ), bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), phosphate (PO 4 ), sulfate (SO 4 2+ ) and silica (H 4 SiO 4 ). Furthermore, the results were processed using AquaChem software, Geographical information system (GIS), multivariate statistical techniques and a computer program WATCLAST written in C ++ . This hydrochemical dataset ascertain the utility purpose of water. The dataset can serve as a guide for hydrogeochemistry of other predominantly agricultural area that share similar geological characteristics. The raw data of this research work is hosted in the mendeley repository [1]

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