Micronutrientes foliares na goiabeira fertirrigada com biofertilizante e nitrogênio no semiárido Resumo Demandados em pequenas quantidades, os micronutrientes exercem papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento adequado das plantas e podem ser fornecidos por insumos sintéticos ou orgânicos, como os biofertilizantes. Dessa forma, um experimento foi conduzido entre julho de 2014 e agosto de 2015, na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina-PE, para avaliar os teores foliares de micronutrientes em goiabeira Paluma em função de fertirrigação com biofertilizante bovino e adubação nitrogenada. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (5 x 2) referentes às concentrações de biofertilizante bovino (0, 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 e 10%) e adubação mineral com nitrogênio (50% e 100% do recomendado segundo a demanda da cultura), com quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Apenas os teores foliares de Mn são afetados pelo biofertilizante bovino em goiabeiras fertirrigadas com 100% de N. Os teores foliares de todos os micronutrientes (Mn, B, Fe e Zn) não são influenciados pela fertirrigação nitrogenada. O biofertilizante é eficiente no fornecimento de Fe. Palavras-chave: Psidium guajava L., matéria orgânica, nutrição de plantas Leaf micronutrients in guava fertigated with biofertilizer and nitrogen in semiarid Abstract Required in small amounts, micronutrients play a key role for adequate plant development, which can be supplied by synthetic or organic fertilizers, such as biofertilizers. Thus, an experiment was conducted between July 2014 and August 2015, in the experimental area of the Federal University of the São Francisco Valley, Petrolina-PE, Brazil, to evaluate the micronutrient leaf concentrations of Paluma guava as a function of fertigation with bovine biofertilizer and Nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (5 x 2) referring to the concentrations of bovine biofertilizer (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10%) and N-fertilizing (50% and 100% of N dose following plant demand), with four replicates and five plants per plot. Only the leaf Mn concentrations are affected by bovine biofertilizer in guava trees fertigated with 100% of recommended N. Leaf concentrations of all the micronutrients (Mn, B, Fe and Zn) are not influenced by nitrogen fertigation. The biofertilizer is efficient in providing Fe.

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Peganum harmala belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae and is popularly known as "Arruda of Syria". It presents a broad therapeutic potential, highlighting the anti inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, antiseptic and antibacterial activities. It is used in the preparation of religious rituals beverages with effects on the central nervous system as an inhibitor of the enzyme monoaminoxidase, whose action is due to the presence of harmonic alkaloids of the β-carbolines group, with harmine and harmaline being the most found in P. harmala seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and pharmacognostic characteristics of P. harmala seeds with the aid of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Pharmacognostic characterization was performed following the 5th edition of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Scanning electron microscopy coupled to X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy was performed for the seeds elemental identification. The compounds present in the species were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Phytochemical evaluation demonstrated the major secondary metabolites. The scanning electron microscopy coupled to X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy analysis showed the morphology of the surface and interior of the seeds, as well as the atomic chemical analysis of the structures. By gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, the chemical profile of P. harmala seeds was identified and the β-carbolines (harmaline and harmine) were identified, which are compounds of great pharmacological importance for the species. Therefore, it is concluded that this study is of great contribution to the plant material standardization that will serve as the basis for the future development of a pharmaceutical product.

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