Brazilian coastal zone comprises more than 8,000 km of extension, which together with the tropical climate, increase the interest of the coastal tourism in the coastal zone. Consequently, the demand for services in coastal cities, such as basic sanitation, is also increasing. In this way, the evaluation of the beach waters quality is of great relevance, since the contact with contaminated water can raise the exposure to pathogenic microorganisms and with this the transmission of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the balneability of two beaches (Enseada and São Lourenço, municipality of Bertioga, São Paulo State, SP, Brazil) using sanitary conditions as indicators. The soil coverture and sanitary sewage system were related to the quality of the beach waters. For the analyzed period (2010 to 2016) a direct correlation (R = 0.58 and R = 0.46) was observed between the monitoring stations balneability using the criteria of the “Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente” (National Council of the Environment) CONAMA 274/2000 and the World Health Organization, respectively, and the index of the sanitary sewage system for the region, similarly, the coefficient of determination (R²) presented values of 0.34 and 0.21. The results of the applied methodology allowed a satisfactory evaluation of the water quality of selected beaches and suggested that the São Lourenço beach has a better sanitary sewage system and, consequently, a better bathing water quality and lower risks to the bathers health, while the Enseada Beach presented regular indices due to the lack of a sewage collection system in most of this settlement area. ResumoA zona costeira brasileira compreende mais de 8.000 km de extensão, que aliada ao clima tropical, aumentam o interesse pelo turismo no litoral. Consequentemente, também aumenta a sobrecarga nos serviços das cidades litorâneas, como o de saneamento básico. Dessa forma, a avaliação da qualidade das águas praiais é de grande relevância, pois o contato dos banhistas com águas contaminadas pode elevar a exposição a microrganismos patogênicos, e com isso a transmissão de doenças de veiculação hídrica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a balneabilidade de duas praias (Enseada e São Lourenço, município de Bertioga-SP, SE Brasil) utilizando-se as condições sanitárias como indicadores. Para isto, buscou-se relacionar a cobertura do solo e esgotamento sanitário com a qualidade das águas das praias. Para o período analisado (2010 a 2016), observou-se uma correlação direta (R = 0,58 e R = 0,46) entre a balneabilidade dos pontos de monitoramento (critérios da Resolução CONAMA 274/2000 e da Organização Mundial da Saúde, respectivamente) e o índice de esgotamento sanitário da região; de maneira semelhante, o coeficiente de determinação (R²) apresentou valores 0,34 e 0,21. Por fim, os resultados mostraram que a metodologia utilizada permitiu avaliar a balneabilidade das praias selecionadas de forma satisfatória. Assim, a praia de São Lourenço demonstrou melhores condições de esgotamento sanitário e, como consequência, melhor balneabilidade e menores riscos à saúde dos banhistas, enquanto que a Praia da Enseada apresentou índices regulares em decorrência da inexistência de rede coletora de esgoto na maior parte de sua área.

Eutrophication is a worldwide problem. In eutrophic shallow lakes, phosphorus release from stored sediment hinders restoration processes. The epipelon is a community that grows attached to the sediment surface and has the potential to help P retention by autotrophic organisms. This study evaluated epipelon responses to four shallow lake restoration techniques. The responses of abiotic variables and phytoplankton biomass were also evaluated. Four simultaneous mesocosm experiments were performed in a shallow eutrophic lake. The applied techniques were aeration, flocculant, floating macrophytes, and periphyton bioreactor. Water and epipelon samples were taken on days 3, 10, 17, 27, and 60. The aeration treatment and macrophytes shaded the epipelon, which had a predominance of heterotrophic components. Flocculant and periphyton bioreactor treatments favored epipelon growth with a higher contribution of autotrophic components. Therefore, some techniques may favor the epipelon growth, while others may harm the community in restoration processes. For the complete restoration of a lacustrine ecosystem, the choice of techniques to be applied must consider the restoration and maintenance of the benthic environment.

<p>The Forest Code (Federal Law 12.651/12) defined limits for the occupation and use of soil, creating the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), because the occupation and human activities, exercised on the banks of the great water-supply reservoirs, increases constantly, impairing the quality of water, the flora and fauna, phenomenon known as anthropic activity. The Guarapiranga Reservoir is located in the southwest of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo; covering part of the Cotia, Embu, Itapecerica da Serra, Juquitiba, São Lourenço da Serra, Embu Guaçu and São Paulo municiçpalities. The objective of this study is to observe the situation of the area covered by surroundings of the Guarapiranga Reservoir and its tributary basin, in particular in the Embu Guaçu municipality, as regards the use of water and soil occupation, in line with the Brazilian Forest Code and relevant legislation. They were used geo-processing techniques to define the use of the banks of the reservoir within the Area of Permanent Protection (with 100 meters in rural areas and 30 meters in urban). This delimitation was carried out on Google Earth a program QGIS. This application of geoprocessing technique was accompanied by field work through which it was possible, to analyze the occupation and soil use in the study area. As final result, it was observed that, except special cases, the law determining the use of soil within the Permanent Preservation Areas, is being respected in the municipality of Embu Guaçu.</p>

O Brasil é um país tropical e possui sua costa leste voltada para o Oceano Atlântico, na qual se verifica um conjunto de praias com uma paisagem exuberante. Dessa forma, tanto a população brasileira como os turistas estrangeiros têm por cultura, a procura pelas praias para o seu lazer, ao longo de todo o ano. A praia do Tombo, objeto principal deste estudo relacionado à balneabilidade de contato primário, localiza-se no município do Guarujá (Baixada Santista/SP) – Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a relação das condições sanitárias e ambientais da praia do Tombo com os Índices de Balneabilidade anuais, ao longo do período 2010-2018. Para tanto se utilizaram os dados secundários provenientes da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo que monitora a balneabilidade das praias paulistas e foram feitos mapas relativos à salubridade ambiental contemplando o esgotamento sanitário, resíduos sólidos urbanos e drenagens urbanas, a partir das informações do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a gestão ambiental praticada na área de estudo é de alta salubridade, que se traduz em condições Próprias para banho, ao longo dos anos analisados.

Eutrophication is a worldwide problem. In eutrophic shallow lakes, phosphorus release from stored sediment hinders restoration processes. The epipelon is a community that grows attached to the sediment surface and has the potential to help P retention by autotrophic organisms. This study evaluated epipelon responses to four shallow lake restoration techniques. The responses of abiotic variables and phytoplankton biomass were also evaluated. Four simultaneous mesocosm experiments were performed in a shallow eutrophic lake. The applied techniques were aeration, occulant, oating macrophytes, and periphyton bioreactor. Water and epipelon samples were taken on days 3, 10, 17, 27, and 60. The aeration treatment and macrophytes shaded the epipelon, which had a predominance of heterotrophic components. Flocculant and periphyton bioreactor treatments favored epipelon growth with a higher contribution of autotrophic components. Therefore, some techniques may favor the epipelon growth, while others may harm the community in restoration processes. For the complete restoration of a lacustrine ecosystem, the choice of techniques to be applied must consider the restoration and maintenance of the benthic environment.