No abstract

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama šiuo metu feministiniuose ir nefeministiniuose diskursuose aktuali pilietiškumo problematika. Feministinė filosofija pateikia gausią Vakarų filosofijoje egzistuojančių pilietiškumo sampratų kritiką, tačiau ne tiek daug pozityvių alternatyvų. Šiame straipsnyje svarstomas bene originaliausiasir įdomiausias požiūris, kylantis iš rūpesčio etikos, kuri formuluoja savitą požiūrį į tai, kokios turėtų būti pilietės ir piliečiai šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje. Pateikiama rūpesčio etikos pilietiškumo sampratos, jos santykio su filosofiniame diskurse šiandien dominuojančiais pilietiškumo modeliais analizė. Į rūpesčio etikos formuluojamą pilietiškumo sampratą siūloma žvelgti kaip į šiuo metu besiformuojančią liberaliojo ir respublikoniškojo pilietiškumo modelių alternatyvą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: pilietiškumas, rūpesčio etika, respublikonizmas, liberalizmas.Care and CitizenshipRenata Bikauskaitė SummaryThe article deals with the problems of citizenship which currently prevail in both feminist and non-feminist discourses. Even though the feminist philosophy produces plentiful critique of models of citizenship which dominate the Western philosophy at the moment it does not present many positive alternatives.This article analyses probably one from the most interesting and original conceptions of the kind of citizens does the modern world require. The article is focused on the examination of the conception of citizenship in the ethics of care and its relation to the models of citizenship which prevail in contemporary political and moral philosophy. It is suggested that the conception of citizenship inherent in the ethics of care is an emerging alternative to the liberal and republican models of citizenship.Keywords: citizenship, ethics of care, liberalism, republicanism.

Analysis of the Concept of CommunicationRenata Bikauskaitė

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian] While scholars and popular writers often stress individual responsibility as a way of saving nature, there is a growing understanding that “doing one’s bit” may not be enough to address local and global environmental issues. Focusing on the concept of ecological citizenship as a starting point, our paper seeks to explore the concept of ecological citizenship and show how individualized experiences and socially and culturally embedded practices of care for the environment relate to civic engagement. We connect ecological citizenship with the ethics of care and Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, which links individual experience of embodied care for environment with broader political and social issues. We argue that the perspective of the ethics of care informed by the concept of habitus broadens the concept of ecological citizenship by, on the one hand, highlighting the rational responsibility to care, and, on the other hand, by revealing how affect-based ties to the environment and established habits of caring are cultivated in local communities. Ecological citizenship based on the habitus of care can be seen as exercised in participation in the public sphere and also through caring practices where public and private fields overlap.

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojama ryškėjanti tendencija sutapatinanti rūpesčio etiką su sentimentalizmu. Lyginant šios tendencijos atstovo Michaelo Slote’o ir vienos iš rūpesčio etikos kūrėjų Nel Noddings filosofiją, analizuojamas rūpesčio etikos ir sentimentalizmo santykis, pastarojo galimybės adekvačiai konceptualizuoti rūpesčio / rūpinimosi specifiką. Teigiama, kad sentimentalizmo konceptualinis žodynas, grindžiamas empatijos sąvoka, užgožia reliacinį rūpesčio etikos pobūdį. Straipsnyje empatijos sąvokai priešpriešinama dėmesio sąvoka, kurią nemaža dalis rūpesčio etikos atstovų pasitelkia apibrėžti moralinį rūpestį / rūpinimąsi. Analizuojant Simone Weil ir Iris Murdoch filosofiją, atskleidžiama dėmesio sąvokos reikšmė rūpesčio etikai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: rūpesčio etika, sentimentalizmas, Slote, Noddings. The Relationship Between Ethics of Care and SentimentalismRenata Bikauskaitė AbstractThe article analyses the currently emerging tendency to identify ethics of care with sentimentalism. Through comparison of philosophy represented by one of the most prominent representative of this trend, Michael Slote, with the ideas of Nel Noddings, one of the founders of ethics of care, the relationship between ethics of care and sentimentalism is identified. The question arises whether sentimentalist moral vocabulary is adequate for conceptualising the peculiarities of ethics of care? The paper argues that any attempt to elaborate ethics of care while at the same time invoking the conceptual apparatus of sentimentalism, which is based on the notion of empathy, actually conceals the relational nature of this ethics. Further analysis of the notion of attention found in the works of Simone Weil and Iris Murdoch highlights the theoretical influence of this notion to ethics of care in general.Keywords: ethics of care, sentimentalism, Michael Slote, Nel Noddings.