The present study was effected aiming the verification of the seasonal, spatial and hourly of the phlebotominic species found in the county of Itupeva. Captures were performed fortnightly and 864 sand flies were collected between april/94 and march/95. 81.3% of the captured specimens belonged to 4 species: L. migonei (32.4%), L. whitmani (26.0%), L. intermedia (12.0%) e L. fischeri (10.9%). Such species showed larger densities during the cold and dry season of the year (from april to september/94) and were more active between the second and the fifth hour after twilight. L. migonei predominated almost in all the investigated surroundings being followed by L. whitmani and L. longipalpis in the domestic environments. In conclusion it is thought that in conjunction with L. intermedia, a suspect vector in the State of São Paulo, L. migonei and L. whitmani may have an important role in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area under study.

It is a retrospective descriptive study about 3314 notified cases of malaria in Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Campinas, an area that covers 88 cities and 5.366.081 inhabitants, during 80's and 90's. The region data were compared to national statistics looking at disease history and control program impact in endemic areas. It was observed a decrease in notified cases in Campinas region, while over the same period incidence in Amazonia was increasing. The highest prevalence was in men (83%) between 20 and 49 years old, mainly from Rondônia, Pará and Mato Grosso State; 59% were diagnosed in three first days of symptoms. It was suggested the impact of educational campaigns addressed to risk population and health professionals in the Campinas region. In no endemic areas, early diagnostic and treatment are a great challenge because it may extend patient access and proper heath care decreasing lethality and impeding local transmission. It can also facilitate integration among vector control, epidemiologic surveillance and attendance to patients.

An outbreak of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) occurring in the Northeast region of São Paulo state in 1992 is described. After the notification of the 12 human cases, a skin test survey of the local population was carried out in a rural area of the Itupeva municipality. The survey consisted of 144 interviews and 100 clinical examinations using the Montenegro skin test (MST). A prevalence of 34% positive MST was encountered. The predominant species of sandflies captured both in domestic and nearby areas of secondary vegetation were L. intermedia, L. whitmani and L. migonei. The presence of L. longipalpis in the nearby area of secondary vegetation was also registered.

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