O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar a parasitofauna e a relação hospedeiro- parasito em tambaqui Colossoma macropomum cultivados em tanques-rede no Rio Matapi, município de Santana, estado do Amapá, região da Amazônia oriental, Brasil. Foram examinados 60 tambaquis, dos quais 96,7% estavam parasitados por protozoários Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora) e Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida), monogenoideas Mymarotheciun boegeri e Anacanthorus spathulatus (Dactylogyridae) e sanguessugas Glossiiphonidae gen. sp. (Hirudinea). Os maiores níveis de parasitismo foram causados por protozoários I. multifiliis e P. pillulare e os menores por sanguessugas Glossiiphonidae gen. sp. Porém, os índices de infestação não tiveram efeitos na saúde dos peixes hospedeiros, uma vez que o fator de condição relativo (Kn) não foi estatisticamente (p<0,05) correlacionado com a intensidade desses parasitos. Este foi o primeiro relato da ocorrência de I. multifiliis e P. pillulare em C. macropomum cultivados em tanques-rede na Amazônia brasileira.

This work is the first study on parasitic fauna of Curimata cyprinoides Linnaeus, 1766 (Curimatidae) and the host-parasite relationship. The total of 154,740 parasites such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), trophozoite of Spironucleus sp. (Hexamitidae), Urocleidoides sp. (Monogenoidea), Digenea gen. sp. and Polymorphus sp. (Polymorphidae) were collected. The component community showed low diversity (HB = 0.004 ± 0.020) and parasite species richness (1.4 ± 0.6). However, I. multifiliis and Urocleidoides sp. were prevalent and with higher intensity on the host population and also aggregated the distribution pattern. The occurrence of these ectoparasites in C. cyprinoides may be a consequence of its alimentary diet. Positive correlation between the abundance and size of I. multifiliis and the relative condition factor of the host were observed and discussed. These data represent increased knowledge of the biology of these parasites. Furthermore, this study expanded the geographic distribution of some parasite species for this new host from Brazil. Parasitos em Curimata cyprinoides (Pisces, Curimatidae) da Amazônia oriental, Brasil RESUMO. Este trabalho providenciou o primeiro estudo sobre a fauna parasitaria de Curimata cyprinoides Linnaeus, 1766 (Curimatidae) e relação hospedeiro-parasito. Foram coletados 154.740 parasitos, tais como Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora); trofozoíto de Spironucleus sp. (Hexamitidae); Urocleidoides sp. (Monogenoidea); Digenea gen. sp. e Polymorphus sp. (Polymorphidae). A comunidade componente apresentou baixa diversidade (HB = 0,004 ± 0,020) e riqueza de parasitos (1,4 ± 0,6). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis e Urocleidoides sp. apresentaram a maior prevalência e intensidade na população de hospedeiro e tiveram padrão de distribuição agregado. Em C. cyprinoides, a ocorrência desses ectoparasitos pode ser uma consequência da ampla variedade de sua dieta alimentar. Correlação positiva da abundância de I. multifiliis como o tamanho e fator de condição relativo dos hospedeiros foi observada e discutida. Estes dados representam um aumento do conhecimento sobre a biologia desses parasitos. Além disso, este estudo ampliou a distribuição geográfica de algumas espécies de parasitos para este novo hospedeiro no Brasil.Palavras-chave: ecologia, brânquias, peixe de água doce, Monogenoidea, protozoários.

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitic fauna of hybrid tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) from fish farms and the host-parasite relationship. A hundred and fourteen fish were collected from four fish farms in Macapá, in the state of Amapá, Brazil, 80.7% of which were infected by: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora); Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida); Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, and Mymarothecium viatorum (Monogenoidea); Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala); Cucullanus colossomi (Nematoda); Perulernaea gamitanae (Lernaeidae); and Proteocephalidae larvae (Cestoda). A total of 8,136,252 parasites were collected from the examined fish. This is the first record of N. buttnerae, C. colossomi, N. janauachensis, M. viatorum, and Proteocephalidae for hybrid tambacu in Brazil. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was the most prevalent parasite, whereas endohelminths were the less. A positive correlation was observed between number of I. multifiliis and total length and weight of fish, as well as between number of P. gamitanae and total length. The infection by I. multifiliis had association with the parasitism by Monogenoidea. Low water quality contributes to high parasitism of hybrid tambacu by ectoparasites, which, however, does not influence the relative condition factor of fish.Index terms: Colossoma macropomum, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piaractus mesopotamicus, ectoparasite, native fish, host-parasite relationship. Parasitofauna no híbrido tambacu de pisciculturasResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a parasitofauna de tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) de pisciculturas e a relação parasito-hospedeiro. Cento e catorze peixes foram coletados de quatro pisciculturas de Macapá, AP, 80,7% dos quais estavam infectados por: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora); Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida); Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis e Mymarothecium viatorum (Monogenoidea); Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala), Cucullanus colossomi (Nematoda); Perulernaea gamitanae (Lernaeidae); e larvas de Proteocephalidae (Cestoda). Um total de 8.136.252 parasitos foram coletados dos peixes examinados. Esse é o primeiro registro de N. buttnerae, C. colossomi, N. janauachensis, M. viatorum e Proteocephalidae para híbridos tambacu no Brasil. Ichtyophthirius multifiliis foi o parasito mais prevalente, enquanto os endohelmintos, os menos. Observou-se correlação positiva entre número de I. multifiliis e comprimento total e peso corporal dos peixes, bem como entre número de P. gamitanae e comprimento total. A infeção por I. multifiliis mostrou associação com o parasitismo por Monogenoidea. A baixa qualidade da água contribui para o alto parasitismo do hibrido tambacu por ectoparasitas, que, no entanto, não influi no fator de condição relativo dos peixes.Termos para indexação: Colossoma macropomum, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piaractus mesopotamicus, ectoparasita, peixe nativo, relação...

RESUMOOs estudos sobre os parasitos e doenças parasitárias são de grande interesse para a piscicultura, uma vez que podem afetar o crescimento dos peixes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a fauna parasitária e relação parasito-hospedeiro em Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus (tambatinga) de 10 pisciculturas do estado do Amapá, Amazônia. Parasitism in tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus, Characidae) farmed in the Amazon, Brazil ABSTRACTThe studies on parasites and parasitic diseases are of great interest to fish farms, because both can affect the performance of the fish. The aim of study was to investigate the parasitic fauna and parasite-host relationship in Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus (tambatinga) of 10 fish farms from the Amapá State, in the Amazon. Of the 503 fish examined 63.1% were parasitized, and a total of 49,299,189 parasites were collected, including Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Trichodina sp., Tetrahymena sp., Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni, Mymarothecium boegeri, Notozothecium janauachensis, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and Perulernaea gamitanae. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was the dominant species, followed by P. pillulare and monogenoideans; these two parasites and P. gamitanae showed an aggregated dispersion pattern. We found a positive correlation between host length and the overall parasitic prevalence, as well as between fish size and the abundance of I. multiliis, P. pillulare, monogenoideans and P. gamitanae, but infection levels did not affect the relative condition factor of hosts. Management, low environmental quality and poor sanitary conditions of the fish farms favored the occurrence of ectoparasites, but the presence of endoparasites was due to supplying the ponds directly with water of natural water bodies. This is first report of I. multiliis, P. pillulare, Trichodina sp., Tetrahymena sp., A. spathulatus, N. janauachensis, N. buttnerae and P. (S.) inopinatus for tambatinga in Brazil.

The hematological and biochemical responses of pirarucu fingerlings (Arapaima gigas) fed with diets containing different concentrations of a glucomannan product derived from yeast and algae were evaluated in order to ascertain the effect of these diets on fish physiology. Four treatments were conducted, with three replications, with 12 fish in each tank. The product evaluated (MycosorbA+(r)) was incorporated into the commercial diet, at four concentrations: 0, 1, 2 and 4 g.kg-1, called M0%, M0.1%, M0.2% and M0.4%, respectively. After 45 days of feeding, blood samples from six fish in each replicate were collected to perform the analyses. Their weight and length were determined to calculate the condition factor and weight gain, but no differences (P > 0.05) were observed among the treatments. No changes to the hematocrit, hemoglobin or erythrocyte levels or to the hematimetric indices of the pirarucus were observed. The glucose and triglyceride levels of the pirarucus in the M0.1% and M0.2% groups were significantly lower than those of the M0% group. The M0.2% group showed higher albumin levels (P < 0.05) than M0% and M0.4%. The M0.4% group showed a total cholesterol level that was significantly higher than in all other treatments. MycosorbA+(r) contributed towards increasing the levels of defense cells in A. gigas. It would be possible to use this product at concentrations of between 0.1% and 0.2%, given that they increase the levels of some defense cells and plasma albumin concentrations, without changes to hematological parameters, cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels or condition factor.