After stroke rehabilitation, concomitant chronic disabling disorders and recurrent strokes seem to play an important role regarding dependency, handicap and long-term functional decline.

New-onset poststroke UI with impaired awareness of bladder needs is a strong and independent risk factor for poor outcome at 3 months. This probably reflects more serious brain damage, affecting sustained attention and information processing. Valid clinical tools to detect such dysfunction in stroke victims are needed. Clinical classification of poststroke UI is likely to improve management.

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Patients with poststroke UI are less attentive than continent patients. Those with IA-UI perform poorest. Sustained attention seems important for outcome and should be taken more into account in the rehabilitation process. In patients who recognize their incontinence, attention-focused training might be the most effective measure of reestablishing bladder control.