Wall systems have a wide range of embodied energy due to the diversity of materials available. This paper analyzes the expenditure of energy and carbon dioxide emissions in internal and external wall systems (IEWS) of a rural residence of social interest in Cascavel, state of Paraná, Brazil. The methodology proposed by NBR ISO 14040 was used to perform a life-cycle energy assessment (LCEA) and the carbon dioxide emissions assessment (LCCO2A) of these systems. Four scenarios were considered: reinforced concrete structure and ceramic blocks wall system, load-bearing masonry with concrete blocks, steel framing and reinforced concrete walls molded on site. As a result, it was found that it is possible to reduce energy consumption up to 25% by opting for reinforced concrete walls molded on site. In regards to CO2 emission, it was verified that the difference is even greater, being able to reduce emissions by almost 32% when opting for this same scenario.
The geomechanical behavior of a salt rock cavern was studied using Brazilian geotechnical properties. To design the finite element model, it was necessary to implement, using Fortran language, a constitutive model representing the creep behavior, since the model used is not native to the program. The constitutive model implemented was the Multiple Deformation Mechanism Model. This model was chosen for being a robust model that represents the primary and secondary phases of creep and presents good agreement with the Brazilian salt rocks. The analyzes considered a period of 50 years after the mine closure and five internal pressures acting in the analyzed cave. The pressures considered correspond to 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% of the vertical stress at the top of the mine. The creep and dilation behaviors were analyzed, and the creep deformations obtained in the simulations was acceptable in relation to the failure criterion adopted in this paper. However, only the design of experiment that considered the two biggest internal pressure resulted in a permissible micro-crack ratio value.
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