Ultrasound imaging has led to the diagnosis of fetal anomalies that can affect many organ systems. Since the development of high-resolution real-time ultrasound, the possibility of surgical intervention before birth to correct or treat prenatally diagnosed abnormalities has been realized. Fetal surgery has become a new standard of care for the perinatal treatment of myelomeningocele for mothers and fetuses that meet the specific criteria. In this review, we will consider the role of ultrasound for open fetal surgery or minimally invasive fetal surgery approaches.

No abstract

Since the advent of fetoscopy, a paradigm shift toward minimally invasive options for antenatal open spina bifida (OSB) correction has been witnessed, resulting in rapid technological innovations and improved outcomes for both the mother and fetus. A history of the minimally invasive surgical management of OSB is presented, with a focus on a novel Brazilian fetoscopic approach.

Objectives:To develop an integrated specialist ultrasound surgery offering a holistic, highly qualified care where pregnant women expecting a fetus with a malformation are in the centre. The main aim is to give these women continuity, access to specialist personal, clear information, and the confidence of an optimal care plan. Methods: