R E S U M OO manejo de irrigação por gotejamento e a colheita mecanizada na cultura da cana-de-açúcar estão sugerindo espaçamento entrelinhas de plantio do tipo combinado. Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o crescimento da variedade RB98710 irrigada por gotejamento em dois tipos de espaçamentos entrelinhas de plantio; para isto foram realizados dois plantios em agosto de 2011, sendo um com espaçamento entrelinhas de plantio único (1,0 m) e outro combinado (0,6 e 1,4 m). Os dados analisados foram variáveis de crescimento (índice de área foliar, altura do dossel, comprimento dos colmos e plantas por metro quadrado), variáveis de produção e elementos meteorológicos. O valor do fator de forma para a área foliar foi igual a 0,65; em ambos os espaçamentos entrelinhas de plantio as variáveis de crescimento foram relacionadas com os graus-dia acumulados e tiveram equações ajustadas com aplicações satisfatórias. As variáveis de crescimento avaliadas não diferiram entre os espaçamentos de plantio utilizados. As produtividades de colmos frescos (100,9 t ha -1 ) e de açúcar (17,8 t ha -1 ) da cana-de-açúcar irrigada cultivada em Rio Largo, Alagoas, não foram influenciadas pelo uso dos diferentes tipos de espaçamentos entrelinhas de plantio. Sugarcane with drip irrigation in two row spacing A B S T R A C TThe management of drip irrigation and mechanized harvesting in the sugarcane crop are suggesting combined row spacing. In this context the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of RB98710 variety, with drip irrigation in two row spacing. For this, two plantings were performed in August 2011, with single (1.0 m) and combined row spacing (0.6 and 1.4 m). The analysed data were variables of plant growth (leaf area index, canopy height, length of stems and plants per square meter), production variables and weather elements. The form factor value for leaf area was equal to 0.65. In both row spacing, the variables of plant growth were related with accumulated degreedays and had adjusted equations with satisfactory applications. The evaluated variables of plant growth were not different by the used row spacing configurations. The fresh stalk yield (100.9 t ha ISSN 1807ISSN -1929ISSN v.18, n.8, p.798-804, 2014 Introdução A cana-de-açúcar é cultivada em cerca de 100 países situados em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do Mundo. A produção total no ano 2009 foi de 1 bilhão e 661 milhões de toneladas com produtividade média global de 69,8 t ha -1 ano -1 (Steduto et al., 2012). Na estimativa da safra 2012/2013 o Brasil apresentou produtividade média de aproximadamente 70,0 t ha -1 (CONAB, 2012). Na mesma safra Alagoas teve produtividade de cerca de 53 t ha -1 o que totalizou uma produção de 23,6 milhões de toneladas representando menos que 4,5% da nacional.As áreas de expansão para cultivos de cana-de-açúcar em Alagoas são restritas tornando-se imprescindível a utilização de tecnologias para aumento da produção; assim, o melhoramento genético se destaca entre as tecnologias indicando variedades mais ada...

Water is an indispensable resource for the maintenance of life; however, the available volume for consumption has decreased over a period of life, as a result of which, the availability of water that is inferior in quality has increased. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of okra (Santa Cruz cultivar) under different nitrogen rates and irrigation facilities using post-treated domestic wastewater through sand filter with intermittent flow in a Brazilian semiarid region. The experiment was performed in the Pombal region of the Paraíba state, Brazil using a randomized block design with six nitrogen Rates (N 1 = 0, N 2 = 40, N 3 = 80, N 4 = 120, N 5 = 160, and N 6 = 200 kg ha -1 ) and irrigation by using wastewater. The water was added to the treatment with 100% (160 kg ha -1 ) using nitrogen fertilization recommendation and irrigation water supply. The effects of treatments on the growth and production variables of okra plants were evaluated.

Objective: Estimating the potential number of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil for the coming months. Methods: The study included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 deaths, from the first confirmed death on March 17th to May 15th, 2020. These data were collected from an official Brazilian website of the Ministry of Health. The Boltzmann function was applied to a data simulation for each set of data regarding all states of the country. Results: The model data were well-fitted, with R2 values close to 0.999. Up to May 15th, 14,817 COVID-19 deaths have been confirmed in the country. Amazonas has the highest rate of accumulated cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants (321.14), followed by Ceará (161.63). Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Amazonas, Pará, and Pernambuco are estimated to experience a substantial increase in the rate of cumulative cases until July 15th. Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina will show lower rates per 1,000,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: We estimate a substantial increase in the rate of cumulative cases in Brazil over the next months. The Boltzmann function proved to be a simple tool for epidemiological forecasting that can assist in the planning of measures to contain COVID-19.

Abstract: The COVID-19 death rate in Northeast Brazil is much higher when compared to the national average, demanding a study into the prognosis of the region for planning control measures and preventing the collapse of the health care system. We estimated the potential total cumulative cases of COVID-19 in the region for the next three months. Our study included all confirmed cases, from March 8 until April 28, 2020, collected from the official website that reports the situation of COVID-19 infections in Brazil. The Boltzmann function was applied to a data simulation for each set of data regarding different states. The model data were well fitted, with R2 values close to 0.999. Up to April 28, 20,665 cases were confirmed in the region. The state of Ceará has the highest rate of accumulated cases per 100,000 inhabitants (75.75), followed by Pernambuco. We estimated that the states of Ceará, Sergipe and Paraíba will experience a dramatic increase in the rate of cumulative cases until July 31. Maranhão, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Piauí showed a more discreet increase in the model. For Bahia and Alagoas, a 4.7 and 6.6-fold increase in the rate was estimated, respectively. We estimate a substantial increase in the rate of cumulative cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the region within three months, especially for Ceará, Sergipe and Paraíba. The Boltzmann function proved to be a simple tool for epidemiological forecasting that can help planning the measures to contain COVID-19.

Several studies on the pathophysiological and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 indicate the extracorporeal viability of the virus and the possibility of faecal-oral transmission through contaminated natural water and wastewater, suggesting a potential risk of spreading in socially vulnerable areas, such as the Brazilian Amazon, where access to sanitation and health services is lacking. Thus, an attempt we made to outline an overview of sanitation in the Brazilian Amazon and its possible impacts on the most vulnerable populations and on the health system in a pandemic situation, based on bibliographic and documentary review and exploratory analysis of data related to basic sanitation and health. The Amazon has a huge deficit in sanitation and in the structure of health services, especially in rural areas, increasing the risk of spreading infectious diseases such as COVID-19, whose progress has placed some of the Amazonian states in a prominent position in the rankings of incidence and mortality.