Plant-parasitic nematodes are a significant factor limiting potato production and tuber quality in several regions where potato is produced. Overall, parasitic nematodes alone cause an estimated annual crop loss of $ 78 billion worldwide and an average crop yield loss of 10-15%. As a result, sustainable food production and food security are directly impacted by pests and diseases. Degrading land use with monocultures and unsustainable cropping practices have intensified problems associated with plant pathogens. Proper identification of nematode species and isolates is crucial to choose effective and sustainable management strategies for nematode infection. Several nematode species have been reported associated with potato. Among those, the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp., the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus spp., the potato rot nematode Ditylenchus destructor and the false root-knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans are major species limiting potato yield and leading to poor tuber quality. Here, we report a literature review on the biology, symptoms, damage and control methods used for these nematode species.

Problems caused by nematodes and Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) on banana plantations are responsible for yield losses and are limiting to its cultivation. In the state of Goias, there is little information about the nematode occurence on this crop, and its relation with the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). This research had the purpose to identify the occurrence of plant‐parasitic nematodes on banana plantations and to verify its correlation with the Fusarium wilt and with the soil attributes (pH, texture, nutrients). Twelve banana orchards in the state of Goias were sampled in the municipalities of Anapolis, Caiaponia, Goiatuba, Itaguaru, Itumbiara (two areas), Jatai, Morrinhos, Ouro Verde, Palestina, Taquaral and Uruana. All sampled areas, except Morrinhos, revealed contamination with Foc, and all areas had different genera of nematodes either in the soil or in the roots samples. Meloidogyne sp., Helicotylenchus sp. and Rotylenchus sp. were the main genera of plant‐parasitic nematodes found in the samples, with Meloidogyne sp. and Rotylenchus sp. being the most dominant and abundant genera. The presence of Pratylenchus sp. increases the population levels of F. oxysporum. Helicotylenchus sp. is highly correlated with high concentrations of Mn. High population density of Meloidogyne sp. was found in irrigated areas with low concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and soil pH.

Among the nematode management strategies, genetic

Meloidogyne javanica is one of the main nematodes that attack soybean crops and although genetic resistance is the ideal control measure, few cultivars are described as resistant among the innumerous cultivars recommended for the Central Region of Brazil. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the reaction of 29 soybean cultivars to M. javanica. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design with six replications. The plants were inoculated with a suspension of 2000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica and the evaluations occurred sixty days after the inoculation (DAI), determining the nematode population density and the reproduction factor. Based on the results from these two experiments we conducted another experiment selecting four soybean cultivars, one moderately resistant and three with an unknown behavior. These cultivars were inoculated with different concentrations of M. javanica inoculum. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with twelve replications. Evaluations were carried out at 10 DAI by observing the number of J2 and J3/ root system. At 45 DAI the nematode population density in the roots was evaluated. Of the soybean cultivars tested, none behaved as resistant. However, the cultivars UFU Carajás and BRSGO Paraíso presented less M. javanica development in the roots compared to the P98Y70 and NS 7478 and as the inoculum pressure was increased, the penetration and development of the nematode in the roots increased.Additional keywords: inoculum concentration; penetration; resistance; root-knot nematodes. ResumoMeloidogyne javanica é um dos principais nematoides que atacam a cultura da soja e, embora a resistência genética seja a medida de controle ideal, existem poucas cultivares descritas como resistentes dentre as inúme-ras cultivares recomendadas para a Região Central do Brasil. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a reação de 29 cultivares de soja ao nematoide M. javanica. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em condições de casa de vegetação, instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições. As plantas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de 2.000 ovos e J2 de M. javanica, e as avaliações ocorreram sessenta dias após a inoculação (DAI), determinando-se a densidade populacional do nematoide e o fator de reprodução. A partir dos resultados destes experimentos, foram selecionadas quatro cultivares de soja, sendo uma moderadamente resistente e três com comportamento desconhecido, e foram inoculadas com diferentes concentrações de inó-culo de M. javanica. Este experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com doze repetições. Avaliações foram realizadas aos 10 DAI, observando-se o número de J2 e J3/sistema radicular. Aos 45 DAI, avaliou-se a densidade populacional do nematoide nas raízes. Entre as cultivares de soja testadas, nenhuma se comportou como resistente. Porém as cultivares UFU Carajás e BRSGO Paraíso apresentaram menor desenvolv...

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