Following the increase in the employment of women in conflicts around the world, the federal government of Brazil enacted a law which determines the participation of women in the military. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of six months of physical training (PT) on the physical fitness of young Brazilian Army cadets to carry out the physical assessments provided in military training. Sixty-eight members of the (19.4 ± 1.0 years) military from the Brazilian Army (BA), with BMI of (23.61 ± 2.17/21.81 ± 2.26) respectively and divided in two groups (men/women) participated in the study. PT was conducted by Manual EB20-MC10.350. Anthropometric measurements and assessment of body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry were performed. The Student’s t test, percentage evolution equation, and Levene test were used. Results showeda significant increase in anthropometric variables and cardiorespiratory fitness in both groups. Bone health variables and visceral fat presented a significant increase in the malegroup. In terms of muscle fitness (handgrip and isometric strength of the legs and push-up and pull-up), there was no significant variation between thegroups. Percentage evolution was greater in female group. The conclusion shows PT was able to cause beneficial changes, promoting positive improvement in bone health, especially in women. Also, PT was shown to enhance cardiorespiratory capacity, and muscle fitness of the upper limbs in all participants.
RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio era desarrollar una investigación sobre la contribución de la Escuela de Educación Física del Ejército Brasileño (EsEFEx) para el deporte nacional: 1933 a 2000. la investigación en función del objeto, se localiza en el periodo entre 1933 y 2000 y el enfoque estaba en el deporte. Para el logro de esta investigación el instrumento teórico se buscaba en el estudio de memoria, que necesariamente envía la búsqueda de fuentes se unió al militar, las ciencias sociales y humanas. Obtuvieron las fechas y hechos de la contribución de EsEFEx para el deporte nacional empezando de los boletines escolares, boletines interiores en el archivo de EsEFEx, así como las revistas de educación física del EsEFEx. El estudio dividió la contribución de EsEFEx para el deporte nacional en fases y los caracterizó: a) la fase de la búsqueda de la eugenia y de infl uencia en la formación de profesionales de educación física y la medicina deportiva (1933 a 1941); b) la fase del uso del deporte en la preparación para la guerra y de infl uencia en la administración deportiva (1942 a 1967); c) la fase de la cientifi cacion del entrenamiento deportivo (1968 a 1979); d) la fase del deporte militar (1980-1989); e) la fase de reestructuración en el sentido de la ciencia del deporte (1990 a 2000).
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