Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States (U.S.), with estimates of 143,460 new cases and 51,690 deaths for the year 2012. Numerous organizations have published guidelines for CRC screening; however, these numerical estimates of incidence and disease-specific mortality have remained stable from years prior. Technological, genetic profiling, molecular and surgical advances in our modern era should allow us to improve risk stratification of patients with CRC and identify those who may benefit from preventive measures, early aggressive treatment, alternative treatment strategies, and/or frequent surveillance for the early detection of disease recurrence. To better negotiate future economic constraints and enhance patient outcomes, ultimately, we propose to apply the principals of personalized and precise cancer care to risk-stratify patients for CRC screening (Precision Risk Stratification-Based Screening, PRSBS). We believe that genetic, molecular, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities impact oncological outcomes in general, those related to CRC, in particular. This document highlights evidence-based screening recommendations and risk stratification methods in response to our CRC working group private-public consensus meeting held in March 2012. Our aim was to address how we could improve CRC risk stratification-based screening, and to provide a vision for the future to achieving superior survival rates for patients diagnosed with CRC.

The results of one- and two-dimensional echocardiography in 151 patients (139 males, 12 females; median age 37 years) who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were analyzed in addition to clinical and laboratory data. Echocardiographie abnormalities probably related to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were identified in 31 patients (20%): pericardial effusions (n = 29) and left ventricular dilation (n = 4). Compared to patients with normal échocardiographie findings, patients with échocardiographie abnormalities had lower mean T4 lymphocyte counts (142 ± 148 vs. 280 ± 231/µl; p < 0.001), the proportion of hospitalized patients was higher (16/31 vs. 33/107; p < 0.05), and active concomitant diseases were more frequently found (22/31 vs. 39/107; p < 0.001). T4 lymphocyte counts < 100/µl could be identified as a risk factor for the development of cardiac manifestations. There was no difference in the mortality of patients with and without échocardiographie abnormalities.