In this article a conceptual model for the study of child development in minority populations in the United States is proposed. In support of the proposed model, this article includes (a) a delineation and critical analysis of mainstream theoretical frameworks in relation to their attention and applicability to the understanding of developmental processes in children of color and of issues at the intersection of social class, culture, ethnicity, and race, and (b) a description and evaluation of the conceptual frameworks that have guided the extant literature on minority children and families. Based on the above considerations, an integrative conceptual model of child development is presented, anchored within social stratification theory, emphasizing the importance of racism, prejudice, discrimination, oppression, and segregation on the development of minority children and families.

No abstract

Pediatric primary and specialty practice has changed with more to do, more regulation and more family needs. Similarly, the needs of patients have changed with more demographic diversity, family stress and continued health disparities by race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. How can clinicians continue their dedicated service to children and ensure health equity in the face of these changes? This paper outlines specific, practical, actionable and evidence-based activities for clinicians to assess and address health disparities in practice. These tools may also support Patient Centered Medical Home recognition, national and state cultural and linguistic competency standards and quality benchmarks that are increasingly tied to payment. Clinicians can play a critical role in 1) diagnosing disparities in one’s community and practice; 2) innovating new models to address social determinants of health; 3) addressing health literacy of families; 4) ensuring cultural competence and a culture of workplace equity; 5) advocating on issues that address the root causes of health disparities. Culturally competent care that is sensitive to family needs, their health literacy and health beliefs can increase satisfaction, improve quality of care and increase patient safety. Clinical care approaches to address social determinants of health and interrupting the intergenerational cycle of disadvantage include 1) screening for new health vital signs and connecting families to resources; 2) enhancing the comprehensiveness of services; 3) addressing family health in pediatric encounters; 4) moving care outside the office into the community. Health system investment is required to support clinicians and practice innovation to ensure equity.

No abstract

No abstract