This study proposed a classification model for 125 agricultural productive units (APUs) in Tolima, Colombia, to establish whether they are related to the quality of coffee produced. The model considered two aspects related to farmer profile and farm profile. The following proposed categories resulted from the coordinate obtained in relation to the two aspects: Low-Low, High-Low, Low-High, and High-High. The variables for each aspect were prioritized using the analysis hierarchical process (AHP). The coffee’s quality, sensory profile by attribute, and specific descriptors for each category were determined employing the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) protocol. The sensory attributes were analyzed by way of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Bonferroni test was used to compare by category, both with a significance level of α = 0.05. The model grouped the APUs by category and cup quality, with the High-High category achieving the best scores in the sensory analysis. The variables with the greatest relative weight within the AHP model constituted farmer stance regarding the use of good agricultural practices (44.5%) and farmer attitude toward excellence (40.6%) in the farmer’s profile. As part of the farm’s profile, environmental commitment level (38.0%) and international certifications (29.1%) were the greatest relative weights. Coffee in the High-High category was characterized by its notes of cinnamon, cocoa, chocolate, and dried vegetables.
<p>The aim of this study was to determine the main thermal properties of the granular mass of coffee (specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity) for different degrees of roasting, as well as to model and simulate thermal conductivity at different degrees of roasting. For determination of specific heat, the mixing method was used, and for thermal conductivity, the theoretically infinite cylinder method with a central heating source. Thermal diffusivity was simulated algebraically using the results of the properties cited above and of the apparent specific mass of the product. Thermal conductivity was also simulated and optimized through finite element analysis software. At darker roasting, there was an increase in specific heat and a reduction in thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Comparing thermal conductivity determined in relation to simulated and optimized conductivity, the mean relative error was 1.02%, on average.</p>
Palabras clave: aguas residuales, beneficio húmedo de café, remoción, sólidos suspendidos, tratamiento.Keywords: wastewater, wet coffee processing, removal, solids suspended, treatment. EFICIENCIA DE REMOCIÓN DE DBO 5 Y SS EN SEDIMENTADOR Y LECHO FILTRANTE PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DEL BENEFICIO DE CAFÉ (Coffea arabica)Efficiency of removal of bod 5 and ss in sedimentation tanks and filters in wastewater treatment systems for coffee bean (Coffea arabica) processing RESUMENPara evaluar las condiciones de operación de los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales que utilizan los pequeños caficultores del sur del Huila, se construyó un prototipo a escala de laboratorio (E 1:25) compuesto por un sedimentador y un filtro dispuestos en serie, simulando el mismo tipo de sistema y condiciones operacionales utilizados por los productores del grano. Se realizó tratamiento a muestras de aguas residuales de lavado del café, a fin de evaluar eficiencias de remoción en DBO 5 y Sólidos Suspendidos (SS). Se utilizó un diseño experimental 2 3 , en el que se definieron como factores el tipo de filtro, el tipo de sedimentador y el tiempo de retención hidráulica y como variable respuesta remoción expresada en porcentaje. Los resultados mostraron eficiencias de remoción de sólidos suspendidos superiores al 95% y remoción de DBO 5 cercanas al 20%; los máximos valores de remoción de SS se presentaron con la combinación integrada por sedimentador tipo 1 (Desnatador de geometría cuadrada de menor área), el filtro tipo 1 (Filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente) y tiempo de retención hidráulica en el sedimentador de 30 horas. ABSTRACTIn order to evaluate the current operating conditions of wastewater treatment systems of small scale coffee growers in the south of Huila a lab-scale prototype (S 1:25) was constructed. It was composed of both a sediment tank and a filter fit in series, simulating similar operating conditions used by coffee producers. Removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) and suspended solids (SS) was performed in wastewater from coffee bean processing. A 2 3 factorial experimental design for the evaluation of the type of sedimentation tank, type of filter and hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the sedimentation tank was employed. The results showed high removal efficiencies of suspended solid concentrations (more than 95%), and low removal efficiencies in BOD 5 (about 20%). The combination of tank type 1 (square with a lower area), filter type 1 (upflow anaerobic filter -UAF) and HRT of 30 hours had the highest removal efficiency.
Ante el creciente consumo de café en el mundo, es imperativo buscar alternativas sostenibles en la producción de cafés que respondan a los requerimientos de los mercados, por tal razón, académicos e investigadores en todo el mundo adelantan procesos de investigación en torno al café, los subproductos y en general en las diversas actividades económicas que se derivan de este producto, buscando generar conocimiento pertinente para promover su transferencia e innovación que garanticen el crecimiento de esta cadena de valor. El presente documento es el resultado de la articulación de esfuerzos, capacidades y recursos de los distintos actores que participaron en el proyecto, como respuesta a las necesidades de los caficultores en transferencia de conocimientos especializados y de innovación en procesos, recopilando aspectos fundamentales y recomendaciones relacionadas con las Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (BPA) aplicadas en la producción y procesamiento de café de alta calidad, con énfasis en la obtención de cafés de especialidad bajo diferentes procesos (lavado, natural o seco y honney o semiseco), que pueden ser aplicados por el caficultor en su finca, ajustado a las condiciones agroambientales de las zonas cafeteras en Colombia, con el propósito de mantener y resaltar los perfiles sensoriales, buscando mejor aceptación y valoración en los eslabones de comercialización.
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