The goal of this research was to find the model of character and multicultural education as the model of mental revolution movement to tackle santri radicalism in Pesantren in East Java. This research used a qualitative method. The data sources were taken from the informant, including teachers, Pesantren guardians, administrators, and santri. Technique for collecting the data used observation, interview, recording, and taking notes. The data was analyzed by the descriptive analysis and content analysis. Based on the finding of this research, it could be concluded that character and multicultural education model in Pesantren in East Java used a role model form, and it had been implemented in the daily life and also became part of Pesantren culture. In addition, character and multicultural education as the mental revolution movement of santri could become media for tackling santri radicalism.

The main purpose of education in boarding schools is forming santri into human who believe, piety to God Almighty, well-characterized, and broad-minded, both in religious and general science. The multicultural education model in Islamic boarding schools is carried out through formal education and non-formal education by placing students in one room with different nationalities, ethnicities, cultures, and social status, in new orientation, examples of culture model in everyday life in the dormitory and in the community, through advices and seminars. Every teacher or religious teacher, while teaching both in formal education and in non-formal education has moral responsibility to implement multicultural education, mutual respect, and tolerance for fellow friends, respecting caregivers, Kiai, ustad, and older people. Every santri is very obedient and respects caregivers, kiai and ustad. Every santri meets with caregivers, kiai, and ustad always shake hands and kiss his hands while looking down as a form of obedience and respect for caregivers, kiai, and ustad. Multicultural education in Islamic boarding schools can be used as a medium to prevent santri radicalism, both thought radicalism, ideology, language speech, behavior, and actions.

This study aimed at revealing and describing multiculturalism in Indonesian literary novels from the perspective of character building. Indonesian literary novels reflect multiculturalism from the perspective of character building. It means that there are many portrayals of activities, behaviors, and language features in the novels which reflect the multiculturalism of the characters that people can use as media for character building, especially for the future gold generation. Therefore, they can build Indonesia as a safe, peaceful, and prosperous nation. The multiculturalism in the novels studied describe the characters including Fahri, Ayyas, Yalena, Lenor, Anastasia, Aisha, Fahmi, Hamza, Ali, and Subki, who come from different nations, social status, culture, and religion, yet they can still live together with respecting each other, tolerance, and helping each other when there is one of them in need without looking at all the differences. They help each other due to their love to Allah and their willing to run Allah's commands. The character, attitudes, and behaviors of the characters in the novels who deal with respecting each other, appreciating each other, tolerance, and admitting the existence of other people from different nation, culture, and religion; can be an example and medium for multiculturalism education from the perspective of character building for the society, especially for the young generation. The result of this research can contribute to the development of literature theory generally, and literature sociology especially. Furthermore, it can contribute to the multiculturalism education from the perspective of character building for Indonesian society, especially the young generation.

<p>Konflik sering kali menjadi pemicu terjadinya perubahan perilaku dan sikap. Dalam karya sastra pun, hal ini menjadi penyebab perubahan sikap pada suatu tokoh terutama pada psikologisnya. Peneliti merasa tertarik untuk mengungkap konflik eksternal yang menjadi faktor perubahan psikologis pada tokoh dalam suatu karya sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konflik eksternal terhadap kejiwaan tokoh Sumiko dalam novel <em>Freeter Membeli Rumah</em> karya Ariwaka Hiro. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik simak catat dalam pembacaan tertutup. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori psikologi sastra karena menelaah kejiwaan salah satu tokoh yang ada dalam karya sastra, khususnya pada novel <em>Freeter Membeli Rumah</em> karya Ariwaka Hiro. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik eksternal memengaruhi kejiwaan tokoh Sumiko. Sumiko mengalami gangguan depresi akibat konflik eksternal yang dialaminya. Konflik eksternal tersebut adalah (1) anak Sumiko bernama Ayako yang mengerti masalah Sumiko pergi meninggalkan rumah setelah menikah, (2) anak Sumiko yang bernama Seiji tidak memiliki pekerjaan tetap dan senang bermalas-malasan, (3) suami Sumiko yang bernama Seiichi memiliki sifat temperamen dan hanya memedulikan diri sendiri, (4) perundungan oleh tetangga sekitar memperparah gangguan kejiwaan yang diderita Sumiko.</p>

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perjuangan tokoh perempuan dalam melawan budaya patriarki pada novel Tarian Bumi karya Oka Rusmini. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori feminisme sebagai pisau analisismya. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Tarian Bumi karya Oka Rusmini, yang diterbitkan oleh PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Langkah-langkah yang ditempuh dalam pengumpulan data sebagai berikut: membaca berulang-ulang secara keseluruhan novel tersebut untuk memahami isinya secara utuh, mencatat kata, kalimat, atau data yang penting yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti, mencatat serta mengumpulkan teori-teori yang relevan yang berhubungan dengan penelitian, melakukan penelitian berdasarkan teori yang sudah ada, dan menarik simpulan. Langkah-langkah dalam pengolahan data sebagai berikut: deskripsi data, klasifikasi data, analisis data, interpretasi data, dan evaluasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yakni: pengolahan dan penyajian data, membaca keseluruhan data, coding data dan interpretasi data. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan dan laki-laki seharusnya memperoleh kesetaraan dalam hak-hak dan kewajibannya, sehingga perempuan bisa mendapatkan kebebasan seperti laki-laki. Tokoh-tokoh perempuan dalam novel Tarian Bumi menentang adat dan budayanya sendiri demi tewujudnya kesetaraan hak antara laki-laki dan perempuan tanpa memandang kelompok sosial tertentu.