<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Ossiculoplasty improves conductive hearing loss. Various reconstruction methods and techniques are developed with use of different graft materials over period of time. Results of ossiculoplasty can be predetermined with consideration of prognostic factors<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study is retrospective study of 50 patients who underwent ossiculoplasty in the medical college hospital over the period of 3 years i.e. from January 2013 to December 2016. The pre-operative and post-operative audiometric findings were documented and analyzed to study the hearing improvement with the use of auto graft malleus and incus for ossiculoplasty. The results of ossiculoplasty were also compared with other studies done for ossiculoplasty. Predictors of ossiculoplasty results such as ossicular status and middle ear mucosa were also studied<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The average post-operative air bone gap was 12.92 dB. The mean post-operative ABG was within 20 dB in both primary and revision cases. Average air-bone closure in patients with normal mucosa was 32.1 dB and that of adhesive mucosa was 18 dB. Significant improvement in post-operative air-bone closure (p &lt;0.01) was observed in patients with auto graft incus than malleus head as ossiculoplast<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> 84% ossiculopasty patients were having post-operative air bone gap within 20 dB. The ossiculoplasty using auto graft ossicle is physiological, biocompatible, stable and has low complication rate<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

Foreign bodies in maxillary sinuses are uncommon. But the incidence is on a rise. Herewith we present a case of foreign bodies (glass pieces) in left maxillary sinus and bilateral nasolacrimal ducts, which is managed endoscopically.

Aim During the second wave of COVID-19, cases of mucormycosis were increased suddenly over a period of 3 months in Maharashtra, India. An attempt was made to study the clinical profile and risk factors associated with mucormycosis. Materials and methods A retrospective descriptive study was carried out at a tertiary hospital during May 2021–July 2021. After obtaining informed written consent from the participants, various details of all participants, such as diabetes mellitus, use of steroids in COVID-19 treatment, use of immunosuppressant drugs, oxygen therapy, use of ventilators, complications that occurred during treatment, etc., were noted. All mucormycosis patients were treated with amphotericin B and aggressive surgical treatment. Results In the present study, 74.7% of mucormycosis patients were male. 77.4% of mucormycosis patients were above 40 years of age. 6.7% of mucormycosis patients were partially vaccinated. Among risk factors, 86.6% had diabetes mellitus, 84% had COVID-19 infection, 44% had received steroids, and 54.7% had received oxygen. 80% of patients were present during and within 1 month of COVID-19 infection. 52% of patients were presented in stage III and 41.3% were presented in stage II. Despite aggressive surgical debridement along with amphotericin B, mortality was 25.33%. 5.3% of patients had brain abscesses, 8% of patients had cavernous sinus thrombosis, 4% of patients had facial nerve palsy and 1.3% of patients had meningitis. Conclusion Mucormycosis was predominantly seen in male above the age of 40 years COVID-19 infection and diabetes mellitus was common risk factor for mucormycosis.

An attempt was made to find indications of tracheostomy procedure and its complications in the modern era of medicine with refined surgical techniques at a tertiary hospital. A retrospective study of 240 patients, who had undergone tracheostomy, was done during the period from January 2013 to April 2017 at Govt. Medical College Hospital. Various details of all participants such as age and sex of patients, detailed history of the current disease, and detailed information about tracheostomy and complications were recorded. In the present study, the most common indication for tracheostomy was prolonged ventilation due to Organophosphorus poisoning and Snake bite. The complication rate for tracheostomy procedure was 11.5%. The most common complication was tubal occlusion (7.5%) followed by Granulations around stoma (2.5%), Tracheal stenosis (1.25%), tracheoesophageal fistula (0.4%). No death was occurred during the tracheostomy procedure. The morbidity and mortality due to tracheostomy are reduced definitely. Tracheostomy Complications can be prevented by refined surgical techniques, use of high volume low pressure cuffed tracheostomy tubes and attentive post-operative nursing care. Yet complications of tracheomalacia and tracheal stenosis call for further improvement.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Septorhinoplasty is commonly done procedure in ENT basic setup. It is done to relieve nasal obstruction and also to give better cosmetic appearance. There is dictum in nasal anatomy, 'as goes septum, goes nasal tip. It is clearly known that septum deviations change the cosmetic appearance of persons. <span lang="EN-IN"> Present study had done to access pre and post-operative satisfaction of patients with use of rhinoplasty outcome questionnaire (ROE)</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is prospective study of 40 patients who have under gone septorhinoplasty procedure in medical college hospitals. Assessment done in regards to patients satisfaction before and after surgery. Rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation (ROE) questionnaire was applied to all the patients and evaluation of the satisfaction pre op and post operatively was assessed in the interview by third surgeon to avoid bias. The results were statistically analyzed<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In present study pre<span lang="EN-IN">operative </span>satisfaction level was below 50 in 92.5% patients. 87.5% post<span lang="EN-IN">operative </span>patients had excellent and good results. <span lang="EN-IN">Average preoperative satisfaction in  patients were 7.15 (29.8%) and average postoperative satisfaction in patients  were 16.83 (70%). Preoperative satisfaction in male patients was 7.73 (32.2%) and postoperative satisfaction in male patient was 18.23 (84.3%).  Preoperative satisfaction in female patients was 6.44 (26.8%) and  postoperative satisfaction in female patient was 15.11 (63%). </span>In present study minimal pre<span lang="EN-IN">operative </span>satisfaction value was 5 (20.80%) and maximum post<span lang="EN-IN">operative</span> satisfaction value was 22 (91.66%)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patient satisfaction is aim of septorhinoplasty. Hence an attempt is made to assess and understand patient expectations to achieve realistic goals in septorhinoplasty<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>