Smartphone use is widespread globally, including in Indonesia. The excessive use and ubiquity of smartphone technology raise concerns on addiction and its effects on mental and emotional development of adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between smartphone addiction and mental-emotional disorders in early adolescents aged 11-12 years old in several primary schools in Bandung City and Sumedang District. This study was performed October to December 2018. This was a cross-sectional study using convenient sampling technic with unpaired categorical data for subject selection. Subjects were assessed with the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) which were self-administered by subjects. Subjects were classified into low level and high level smartphone user groups. Data were analyzed using chi square test. Out of 206 subjects, only 178 met the inclusion criteria with 44.9% (n=80) and 55.10% (n=98) were in high-and low-level of smartphone addiction. The percentage of mental and emotional problems based on SDQ that was included in the normal, borderline, and abnormal category was 60.7, 21.9, 17.4, respectively. Those with high-level smartphone addiction had mental and emotional problems with 1.425 prevalence ratio and CI95% 1.141-1.779. In conclusion, there is correlation between smartphone addiction on mental emotional problems of early adolescent.

Objective: Despite advanced treatment options available for colorectal cancer, many reported resistance and unresponsiveness to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, it is urgent to discover a novel drug for colon cancer. Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans), an Indonesian native plant, has been studied extensively due to its anti-cancer profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumour activity of Sarang Semut in colon cancer cells. Methods:We evaluated cytotoxic activity of methanol extract as well as n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction towards colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells) utilizing 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The most potent fraction was evaluated further in inhibiting cell survival using MTT assay and cell proliferation using trypan blue exclusion assay as well as a clonogenic assay. Results:Our data showed that the n-hexane fraction of Sarang Semut induces more cell death than the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, we analyzed the n-hexane fraction further and found that the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50 Conclusion:The n-hexane fraction of Sarang Semut demonstrates a high potential antitumor activity in colon cancer cell line.) of the n-hexane fraction was 24 and 30 parts per million (ppm) for Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells, respectively. Moreover, it inhibited cell growth as well as cell colony formation, in particular, shown by the plating efficiency (P<0.05) and colony area per seed (P<0.01) of the control group were different to the treatment group.

Sinensetin showed vasorelaxant effect in in vitro on the aortic ring through several pathways included the nitric oxide/guanyl cyclase/cyclic 3',5'-guanosine

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been proved to have the highest incidence among eyelid malignancies. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common invasive cancer in humans. It is capable of causing extensive tissue destruction. The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of adult patients with malignant eyelid BCC in Cicendo Eye Hospital Bandung. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted to determine the characteristics of adult patients with malignant eyelid BCC in Cicendo Eye Hospital Bandung from March 2013 to October 2015. Age and sex distribution of the lesions, location and histopathological results of the tumors were stratified as variables. The inclusion criteria were patients over age of 20, histopathologically diagnosed with periocular BCC. Results: A total of 37 cases histopathologically diagnosed with periocular BCC were evaluated. Females had a slight predominance. The mean age was 61.7 years. The most common site was on the lower lid. The tumors occurred more on the left side. The most common histological subtype was represented by solid growth pattern.

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