Scalable and beam-steerable phased antenna array prototype for the wireless backhaul communication is presented for the 28 GHz. The 16-element phased array consists of low-loss waveguide power division network, waveguide-to-PCB transitions, phase shifters on PCB, and horn antenna elements fed from the PCB. The paper presents a state-of-the-art design where the electronically controlled phase shifters are implemented on the PCB right in the immediate proximity of the radiating elements. Thus, the transmission losses are kept as low as possible, even though each element has their specific PCB-mounted electronics. The design is scalable so that element-specific parts on the PCB do not consume more area than the antenna element. Furthermore, novel matching steps with easy manufacturing are presented in the power division network. The simulated and measured results show good agreement. The measurement results show that the grating-lobe free beam-steering range is ±20 • in both azimuth and elevation. The measured antenna gain at broadside is 11.3 dBi after element phase adjustment, and the majority of the losses are due to the implemented electronics, i.e., the phase shifters.INDEX TERMS 5G, phased arrays, beam steering, phase shifters, power dividers, waveguide transitions.

This article describes a dual-polarized end-fire antenna array for millimeter-wave frequencies. The antenna consists of a chain-slot-shaped pattern on a mobile phone metal frame. The antenna is fed using a transmission line, which would cause only a negligible capacitive loading of the sub-6 GHz antenna realized on the same metal frame and, therefore, would not significantly degrade its perfomance. This makes colocating the sub-6 GHz and mm-wave antennas in the same, shared volume possible. Measurements indicate that a 4-element array placed within a mobile phone provides a realized gain between 8 and 12.6 dBi for both polarizations across the entire band from 24.5 to 29.5 GHz. The total efficiency of a single element is better than −2 and −3 dB for the whole band for horizontal and vertical polarizations, respectively.

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This article describes a novel dual polarized rod waveguide antenna array for millimeter-wave frequencies. The antenna is fed from a flexible PCB which includes two orthogonal probes acting as feeding elements for the rod waveguide. Simulation results show that this antenna is a feasible solution that could be easily integrated inside a portable device to realize an end-fire beam steerable antenna array. According to simulations, a 4-element array placed inside a mobile phone provides higher than 65 % efficiency at both polarizations across the whole band of 24-29.5 GHz. The matching level of a single element is better than-10 dB and the active reflection coefficient is below-6 dB in the whole band.

This article describes a novel dual-polarized mmwave antenna for mobile phone devices. The mm-wave antenna module consists of a 4-layer PCB, an extra metallic piece acting as a reflector, and four metallic pins. The four metallic pins are placed on the top layer of the PCB acting as an array of vertically polarized monopoles. On the bottom layer an array of horizontally polarized dipoles are fed using microstrip lines. The two middle layers act as ground. Simulations show very good performance in the 27 to 29.5 GHz range. In this frequency range, the horizontally and vertically polarized arrays provide better than-1.5 dB efficiency, and higher than 11.5 dBi realized gain. Also, the reflection coefficient is mostly below-10 dB in the 27 to 29.5 GHz range for each individual antenna element. Beam-steering is possible up to ±35 • for both polarizations with a scan loss below 3 dB.