The tectonic shifts that emerged towards the end of the Cold War have metamorphosed the international security agenda. The degeneration of the Soviet Union, the surfacing of nationalist independence movements across the post-communist horizon, and the pulling out of superpower support to prop up friendly regimes throughout the third world unleashed new forces that, among other things, resulted in a considerable augmentation in the number of intra-state wars during the 1990s. By September 11, 2001 at the very latest, it became noticeably comprehensible that intra-state conflictsand their correlation with fragile and failing states-represent not only a major humanitarian apprehension but also a considerable threat to regional and global security. As a result, one of the fundamental challenges facing the international community at the moment involves the prevention and resolution of violent conflicts. Structured tourism in Sri Lanka was inducted in 1966 and Sri Lanka experienced 16 years of swift spreading out of its tourism sector between 1967 and 1982. Arrivals amplified at an average annual rate of more than 20 per cent. However, the tourism trade was sternly impacted by the ethnic violence in mid-1983 and consequently both by the long-dragging ethnic conflict in the North and East of the island and due to insurrection behavior which occurred in areas closer to the tourism operations on the West and South coasts. Therefore, international tourist arrivals kept declining each year placing the trade on a diminishing track. Thus, a political unrest can potentially produce a significant catastrophe since it is capable of impacting negatively the smooth operations of the tourism industry. This paper explores the implications of branding destinations in a post-conflict scenario and the opportunities thereof. Destination branding literature insists that every destination should incorporate crisis management strategies in its tourism planning protocols, management exercises and destination marketing campaigns. This paper proposes that destination branding should be coupled with crisis management strategies for leveraging an opportunity out of crisis, so that, tourism can be a critical catalyst in post conflict reconstruction and overcoming the negative imagery and distrust which still impedes the Sri Lanka's ability to achieve greater political integration and tourism prosperity in an increasingly globalized world.
Kashmir region is known for its handicraft industry all over the world. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the quality of Kashmiri handicrafts on satisfaction and repurchasing intention. The present study is descriptive and convenience sampling method was employed. The data was collected at Srinagar the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. The structured questionnaire was distributed among 80 tourists. The findings of this study revealed, there is a strong and positive relationship between the quality of Kashmiri handicrafts, satisfaction, and repurchasing intention. The study verified all the hypotheses using the path coefficient method. Impact of quality of Kashmiri handicrafts on satisfaction and repurchasing intention and lastly the impact of satisfaction on repurchasing intention were found to be statistically significant. Furthermore, the study explores the role of satisfaction in mediating the relationship between the quality of Kashmiri handicrafts and repurchasing intention.
PurposeThis study explores the tourists' behavioral intention toward tasting ethnic food by proposing 'enjoyment’ as an indirect mechanism in improvising the model of Wang. In other words, when affective and cognitive components are triggered positively while reading online gastronomy reviews on social media platforms, enjoyment is aroused, subsequently enhancing the desire to taste ethnic foods displayed online.Design/methodology/approachData from 385 visitors from Kashmir, India, were gathered using a purposive sample technique. The research model was put to the test using PLS-SEM.FindingsDirect and indirect mechanisms influence Behavioral Intention. Enjoyment acts as a mediator. Overall, the results validated the presence of three direct and full mediation paths.Practical implicationsThis study will help tourism practitioners justify their promotional activities on social networking sites, particularly in endorsing regional ethnic dishes. For example, tourism authorities could collaborate with bloggers on social media and offer incentives to promote attractive images of ethnic food. Similarly, ethnic food outlets can improve online exposure and interactivity by encouraging travelers to leave feedback after visits.Originality/valueUnlike other studies, this research broadens our understanding by focusing on direct and indirect mechanisms. The inclusion of a mediator enhanced the total variance of the dependent variable.
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