This study aimed to evaluate the association between intelligence and refractive error in children. Children with refractive error were consecutively enrolled from the outpatient eye disease clinic at the blinded for peer review. Seventy-six Turkish children were thirty-two female and Forty-four male, aged 6–16 years, participated in this study. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised was used for Intelligence quotient. Full Intelligence quotient score and verbal Intelligence quotient, picture completion, similarities comprehension, digit span subgroups in children with myopia were higher than that of hypermetropia group (p<0.05). Present study indicated cognitive ability in children with myopia is higher than that of hypermetropia children. The mechanisms of high cognitive ability in children with myopia should be described in further studies.