Aim:This study was conducted to examine the effects of aerobic exercise training on psychosocial aspects (mental health, the aspects of physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social functioning, and depression) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:53 men who had type 2 diabetes mellitus for a mean duration of the disease for 3±5 years were selected purposely and classified randomly into experimental (27 patients) and a control group (26 patients). Patients in the experimental group did aerobic exercise training three times a week for eight weeks. The exercise included an aerobic activity for 45 to 60 minutes during which the patients’ heart rates were maintained at 60-70 percent of heart rate reserve on ergo meter bikes.Results:The eight-week aerobic exercise training had significant effects on mental health (p = 0.002), subscales of physical symptoms (p = 0.006), and anxiety and insomnia (p = 0.001). It had no significant effects on subscales related to disorder of social functioning (p = 0.117) and depression (p = 0.657).Conclusions:Aerobic exercise training can be considered as an appropriate program for improving the health of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it also can improve their mental health.

Background Aerobic training, resistance training, or combined training are interventions that can be modified to suit the needs of aged people. Objective This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of exercise training on depression symptoms, quality of life, and muscle strength in healthy people aged 60 or more. Data Sources Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases from inception to February 2022. Results Eighteen studies, totaling 1354 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, exercise training significantly declined depressive symptoms (standard mean difference (SMD): −.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): −.76 to −.28; p < .001). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in bodily pain ( p < .05) and body mass ( p < .01), and a significant increase in mental health ( p < .001), physical functioning ( p < .01), and general health ( p < .001) subscales of quality of life as well as upper- ( p < .001) and lower-limb strength ( p < .001). Subgroup analysis revealed that depression decreased significantly when aerobic training ( p = .000) and resistance training ( p = .003) were applied, and for studies including both genders ( p = .000) or men subjects ( p = .002). Moreover, subgroup analysis demonstrated that depression reduced following both medium- ( p = .006) and long-term ( p = .002) interventions. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that exercise interventions may produce improvements in depressive symptoms, some components of quality of life, muscle strength, and body mass. Additional research is required to define the optimal dose of exercise training interventions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of interval and polymetric training on some physical fitness parameters in Imam Reza international university employees. In this semi-experimental study, 24 men age between 30 and 35 years and a body mass index of 25 to 27 kg/m2 were assigned into experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Subjects in experimental group (interval and polymetric training) under went six weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session 60-90 minutes polymetric training at an intensity of 80-85% maximal heart rate. The parameters of the test included: cardio respiratory endurance, anaerobic power, speed, agility, muscular endurance and power were collected before and after six weeks of training. While the control group was prevented from any sport activity and just participated in pre and post-testing. Six weeks of combined training program resulted in a significant difference in cardiovascular endurance records, muscular endurance, speed and agility between experimental and control groups. But a significant difference between anaerobic and power can be found at the end of the period. The combination of interval and polymetric training is affective in improving physical fitness parameters among staffs of Imam Reza international university.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a raised risk of developing depression compared with non-diabetic people. Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the impacts of exercise training interventions to improve psychosocial aspects and glycemic control in T2DM patients. Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases and reference lists of included studies were searched. Study selection: The selection criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using an exercise intervention with or without dietary advice on psychological aspects and glycemic control in T2DM patients, up to January 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model. The analysis included 17 RCTs with 2,127 participants. Results: In the pooled analysis, improvements were seen in depression, standard mean difference (SMD) −0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) −1.03 to −0.28, p = 0.0006), mental health SMD: 0.53 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.76, p < 0.00001), and HbA1c, weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.51% (95% CI −0.97 to −0.04, p = 0.03). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for bodily pain, social functioning, and fasting glucose (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis displayed that exercise training interventions decreased depression and HbA1c and increased mental health in individuals with T2DM. Further longer-term and high-quality clinical trials are required to additional assess and confirm the findings presented here.

Background Low back pain is a common, multifaceted disorder that directly affects diverse aspects of people’s lives in terms of health, personal and social lives. A variety of pathological disorders, including low back pain, may benefit from hydrotherapy. Objective This study aimed to systematically analyze the efficacy of aquatic exercise on pain intensity, disability, and quality of life among adults with low back pain. Data sources A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus up to February 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that which examined the impact of aquatic exercise. The most relevant articles were selected based on research criteria. The PEDro scale was applied to assess the quality of the included studies. Review Manager 5.3 was used for conducting all analyses. Study selection Out of 856 articles, 14 RCTs ( n = 484 participants; 257 in the experimental groups and 227 in the control groups) met our inclusion criteria. Results Pooled results illustrated that aquatic exercises significantly reduced pain (mean differences (MD): −3.82; p < 0.00,001), improved disability (standardized mean differences (SMD): 1.65; p < 0.00,001), and improved quality of life in both the physical component score (mean difference (MD), 10.13; p < 0.00,001) and the mental component score (MD, 6.45; p < 0.0001) when compared with a control group. Conclusion The current review showed that aquatic exercise regimens were effective among adults with low back pain. High-quality clinical investigations are still needed to support the use of therapeutic aquatic exercise in a clinical setting.