Cities around the world are facing tremendous challenges due to climate change. Tropical cities are significantly impacted by temperature increases, higher than average global rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. In the tropical Asia-Pacific region effects from the El Niño-Southern Oscillation are especially severe, which, in turn, cause disasters such as floods and droughts. Climate change requires cooperation from actors across geopolitical borders to respond to the problem collectively, which involves global networks in the exchange of climate mitigation policies and adaptation plans through a process of policy transfer. This paper examines the processes of policy transfer between the tropical coastal city of Semarang in Indonesia and its global networks in the ‘100 Resilient Cities’, and the ‘Water as Leverage’ programs. The paper analyses interviews with actors and stakeholders from these two programs, and examines key factors that determine the success of the climate change policy transfer in Semarang City.

Indonesia as the top 10 countries in extensive groundwater extraction, has fallen behind in providing basic water services infrastructure. While the water utility in Indonesia only provides 35.15% coverage nationally. As case, Bangka Belitung as the lowest province in water management provision with only 17.26% coverage faces tremendous sustainable issues because of its massive exploitation of water usage for domestic, industrial, and especially tin mining activities. Indeed, in spite of fact that water infrastructure is always an essential part of the history of the built environment such as the Roman aqueduct, India’s Stepwell, and Nasqa Puquio. In Indonesia has shown that the number of architectural studies focused on improving the water services is small. In response to Sustainable Development Goals number 6 on clean water and sanitation, this study aims to contribute and mainstream the discussion of green infrastructure in the architecture discourse by analyzing and identifying its typology and design elements using the heritage-built environment of Bangka Belitung’s perigi as the case study. The result of identified design elements and typology on the cultural landscape can further be used to enrich the architecture discussion and design vocabulary on Indonesian cities’ urban fabric and contribute to the expected achievement progress on sustainable development goals.

Bangka Belitung Province is one of the provinces implementing ETLE to reduce the number of traffic violations. The implementation of ETLE in Bangka Belitung Province has been applied since March 2022 which has given an impact on changes in driver behavior. Driving behavior can be said to be the reaction of the driver/ rider to the environment when driving a vehicle. Based on previous research, it is known that driving behavior can be measured through the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Therefore, this study adopts DBQ to measure changes in driving behavior due to the implementation of ETLE in Pangkalpinang. This study aims to find out how the behavior of driver using the road after the application of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) at signalized intersections in Pangkalpinang. The result indicates that driver/ rider “have almost never committed a violation by not wearing a safety belt while driving” and “have almost never using a cell phone while driving or when the vehicle is stopped at an intersection when the traffic light is red since the implementation of ETLE”. It can be concluded that the results of the analysis of violations recorded on ETLE are in line with the results of the analysis of driving behavior. However, further analysis is needed to determine the significant impact of implementing ETLE on driving behavior. The application of ETLE is expected to reduce violations that can trigger traffic accidents. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used as a basis for determining policies related to the transportation sector, especially improving traffic safety.