We aimed to compare in-hospital mortality (IHM) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between male and females. We assessed the association of sex with IHM after AMI using simple and multivariate cox regression models. Results were presented as crude and adjusted hazard ratios along with their 95% confidence interval (HR; 95% CI). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed females had a higher risk of death than males after ST-elevation MI (STEMI) (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 1.64 [1.15–2.36]; p = 0.007). In subgroup analysis by age group, this significantly increased risk was only observed in 50- to 64-year-old females. There were no significant differences between genders after non-STEMI and unspecified MI. Women aged 50 to 64 years had higher IHM after STEMI than men.

Background: Acromegaly is a rare disease caused by an over-increase in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors. If left untreated, acromegaly is associated with many complications and increased mortality. The three modalities of treatment for this disease are surgery, pharmacotherapy, and radiotherapy. Another treatment option is stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which is used as an adjunct and alternative treatment in patients with acromegaly who are not suitable options for surgery. Methods: The present study is a review study conducted by searching the databases of Elsevier, PubMed, Springer, and Wiley, and using the keywords of acromegaly, treatment, transsphenoidal surgery, and radiosurgery. Fifteen studies, which had been performed between 2010 and 2021, were selected for review. Results: The results of these studies indicated that the use of SRS (LINAC SRS and GKRS) after surgery and medical treatment, before surgery and during radiotherapy improve biochemical and endocrine control and the quality of life of patients. However, due to some side effects of these treatments, it is necessary to conduct further studies in this field. Conclusion: All three modalities of treatment would be effective in acromegaly if used with appropriate indication in right sequence. Keywords: Pituitary Neoplasms, Pituitary Gland, Radiotherapy, Radiosurgery, Acromegaly

Since the first month of this new pandemic situation, all around the world healthcare system has been facing different challenges and difficulties; patients with chronic diseases such as cancer or diabetes with impaired immune system were at greater risk of infections and complications. It goes without saying that this issue was extremely important among pediatric clinicians dealing with diabetic pediatrics. Diabetes is the number one chronic illness among pediatric patients and the most dangerous and frightened complication of it is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Studies have shown a strong association between pandemic and increase in new diabetes type 1 cases and its lethal complication called DKA. Here we are going to take a look at existing data and report about cases with this condition trying to find the missing piece of a big puzzle; what is the role of Covid-19 in causing Diabetes in previously healthy kids and what is the real association between SARS-COV2 virus infection and DKA? We are going to review different studies, possible mechanism, new t1dm cases and old cases, with or without covid infection, DKA cases and its severity.

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BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine sex differences in mortality after myocardial infarction. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all first admitted patients 50 years or older with acute myocardial infarction hospitalized in Rajaei hospital of Karaj city, Iran, between 23th March 2013 and 1th January 2020. Data was retrieved from the hospital information system (HIS) database, including patient’s demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, medical history, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) type, treatment and procedures, and outcome of hospitalization. Simple and multivariate cox regression models were used to assess the association of gender with in-hospital mortality after AMI. Results were presented as crude and adjusted hazard ratios along with their 95% confidence interval (HR (95% CI).RESULTS: Results from the multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that females had a higher risk of death than males after ST segment Elevation MI (STEMI) (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.64 (1.15 – 2.36), P=0.007). However, in subgroup analysis by age groups, this significant increased risk was observed only in female patients aged 50 to 64 years than their male counterparts. There was no significant differences between males and females after non-STEMI and unspecified MI.CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, women aged 50 to 64 years may be more likely to die during hospitalization after STEMI than men.